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  • Which statement best describes AROM?
  • To limit liability, what should a trainer do when a piece of equipment does not fit properly?
  • Which knee brace category is described as used prophylactically to prevent MCL injuries in contact sports?
  • Which statement about confidentiality in medical peer review is true?
  • When fitting crutches, which description best matches the recommended placement and angles?
  • The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) was founded in 1947 to promote and maintain high quality standards for which group?
  • Which ACL bundle is taut in flexion?
  • Anthropometry is the science of what?
  • Exemption in athletic trainer regulation occurs when which is true?
  • Impetigo contagiosa is primarily found in which group and season?
  • Clotting is a multistage process that results in the formation of which components to close a damaged blood vessel?
  • What term describes the coordinated movement between the scapula and the humerus during arm elevation?
  • Which condition is likely to result from a sedentary lifestyle paired with high sugar intake?
  • Which Slater-Harris type corresponds to fracture of the phys (growth plate)?
  • Baseline neurological screening is used to compare a patient's current status to what point?
  • Which of the following is a symptom of heat stroke?
  • When does sunburn typically appear after sun exposure?
  • Which describes the recommended percentage of total calories from protein, fat, and carbohydrates for most physically active adults?
  • Which sign in a training room is required to help respond to emergencies?
  • During revascularization, what condition stimulates the growth of capillary buds into the wound?
  • Which budgeting or project management tool graphically depicts the time line and interrelationships of program stages?
  • Which disinfectant is recommended for wrestling mats to prevent the spread of infection?
  • Cystic fibrosis commonly manifests as which of the following?
  • The ends of a long bone are referred to as the
  • During soccer practice, a player falls against the goal post and has a large laceration on his arm that is bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate treatment of the injury?
  • Grade 3 strain results in which of the following?
  • Which factor is most essential for developing both speed and agility in athletes?
  • Which fracture is an incomplete break seen in bones that have not fully ossified, often on the convex surface?
  • Which symptom is commonly associated with acute mountain sickness?
  • Injury management involves which actions?
  • Front edge distance from eyebrows?
  • Which heat transfer method transfers heat energy through space from one object to another?
  • Which of the following are micronutrients?
  • A positive posterolateral rotary instability test indicates rupture of which ligament complex?
  • Which of the following terms are forms of tissue stress?
  • UB-92/CMS 1450 is primarily used by which facility type to file insurance claims?
  • Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor limiting flexibility?
  • Circadian Dysrhythmia traveling west: which of the following is recommended?
  • Which of the following is a skinfold site included in standard female assessment along with the triceps and subscapula?
  • Which fatty acids are associated with reducing disease risk?
  • Which modalities are used to treat warts?
  • Starches are complex carbohydrates; they are made up of long chains of which units?
  • What is the invoiced cost of an insurance policy commonly called?
  • What is the recommended immediate management for altitude pulmonary edema?
  • During the pre-participation physical examination, which patient would the athletic trainer suspect has decreased joint stability?
  • In deep frostbite, the tissue is initially what?
  • PROM refers to the degree to which a joint may be passively moved to end points in the ROM.
  • How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?
  • Which term causes vomiting?
  • Divisions of Macrocycle that may last several weeks or months are known as what?
  • During the windup phase of throwing, the lead foot strides forward with which motions?
  • Which proprioceptor is described as causing reflex contraction of the antagonist muscle when tension increases during a stretch?
  • An express warranty is created by which of the following?
  • What is stroke volume?
  • Which term describes a hypersensitive nodule within a taut band of skeletal muscle and fascia, often found in postural muscles?
  • Which mechanism most commonly leads to elbow dislocation?
  • Which test is described as abducting the arm to 90 degrees in the scapular plane with thumbs down to assess supraspinatus?
  • The Annual Survey of Football Injury Research classifies football fatalities as which two categories?
  • A positive Ankle Anterior Drawer Test indicates laxity of which ligament?
  • Which term defines the maximum force that a muscle can exert during a single maximal contraction?
  • In what year did the athletic training education accrediting body change its name to CAATE?
  • Which condition is listed as an indication for microcurrent stimulation?
  • The ligament of Wrisberg is associated with which structure?
  • Which term describes a fixed amount paid by the insured for a covered service, typically at the time of service, before the insurer pays?
  • Microtrauma is best described as
  • Hinge synovial joints permit which movements?
  • Scleral contact lenses cover which portion of the eye?
  • Which macronutrient has the highest caloric density per gram?
  • Which component protects the hip and tailbone in football equipment?
  • Which electrical stimulation current would cause physiochemical changes in tissue?
  • Which brace category is used to allow controlled progressive immobilization after surgery?
  • Which is a common site for stress fractures in the femur/pelvis?
  • What is a primary contributing factor to lateral epicondylitis?
  • A bandage is best defined as which of the following?
  • Which term describes a form of state credentialing established by statute to protect the public, regulating who may practice and under what circumstances?
  • Which of the following muscles is part of the erector spinae group?
  • Which factor limits flexibility due to fat?
  • Which statement is true regarding eccentric versus concentric contractions?
  • The standard of reasonable care is best described as:
  • Which statement best defines macronutrients?
  • Which of the following is NOT listed as a role of the skeletal system?
  • Which document formalizes the terms of purchase and transmits the buyer's intent to purchase from a vendor?
  • What is the incubation period for chickenpox (contagious for 11 days)?
  • Which of the following is a factor that limits flexibility?
  • Which description best matches the described safe home hamstring stretch?
  • Mumps (parotitis) results in inflammation of which structures?
  • A pre-participation exam should occur no more than how many weeks before the start of season training?
  • Which of the following is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system?
  • Which of the following is a documented feminization or virilization effect of anabolic steroid use in women?
  • Sodium and potassium are essential for which function?
  • For iron-deficient anemia, which nutrition approach is recommended?
  • Which fiber type fatigues rapidly and is used for short-term, high-intensity anaerobic activity?
  • What is most eye protection made out of?
  • Rubella infection occurs ______ days after exposure.
  • Cystic fibrosis signs and symptoms include which of the following?
  • NOT recommended frostnip action?
  • What are the three phases of Needs Assessment in the correct order?
  • Which vertebral region corresponds to the designation T1-T12?
  • Runners anemia is also known as
  • Which frostbite type is characterized by redness, tingling, swelling, and pain after prolonged exposure to cold?
  • AROM, or dynamic flexibility, is defined as what?
  • Which hydration protocol is recommended to prevent heat loss during activity?
  • Which factor is most likely to contribute to hypothermia?
  • Which of the following is NOT an indication for microcurrent stimulation?
  • Which proprioceptor responds to change in length and increased tension by causing a reflex contraction of the antagonist muscle when a stretch is maintained?
  • Heat Syncope is associated with what and how to manage?
  • Which BMI value range defines the obese category?
  • Which form of communication is best for interaction because it has the lowest risk of interference?
  • Patellofemoral conditions are most commonly addressed by which knee support option?
  • Ice hockey helmets must withstand which types of forces?
  • Larsen-Johansson disease affects which site?
  • Which statement best describes flexibility?
  • Which term refers to the process of direct observation of an employee's work, with emphasis on measurement of specific behaviors, and the subsequent development of plans to remediate deficiencies in performance?
  • Retinal detachment is best described as which of the following?
  • During healing, which process adapts vessels to allow immune components to reach the injury site?
  • Oblique fracture mechanism is which of the following?
  • Which of the following is an anthropometric baseline measure commonly used in nutritional assessment?
  • A tort is defined as:
  • Forearm splints are associated with which mechanism?
  • Ice bags are used for cooling; which statement correctly reflects typical cooling properties and duration?
  • Rehabilitative knee braces are used after surgery to allow which type of immobilization?
  • NOT a CA-MRSA risk factor?
  • Dermatome is defined as...
  • Which disease presents with swelling, soreness, and loss of normal liver function, along with symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, and possibly jaundice?
  • Which of the following is a long bone?
  • During the pre-participation examination, which test checks hip, knee, and ankle motion?
  • Which fracture is described as having two bony fragments with a saw tooth edge?
  • Which metatarsal is involved in a March fracture?
  • Which substance has no anti-inflammatory activity and can cause liver damage?
  • Which action is an appropriate method to prevent skin irritation during preventive ankle taping?
  • Which components are involved in the standard splinting approach for upper limb fractures?
  • Which imaging technique involves injecting opaque dye into the spinal canal to visualize the spinal cord and nerve roots?
  • During abduction near 90 degrees, the humeral head must glide which direction to prevent impingement?
  • When wrapping a hip flexor strain, the knee should be in what position?
  • Which drug has no anti-inflammatory activity and can lead to liver damage?
  • The rash of tinea cruris is typically described as which of the following?
  • Which term refers to the atmospheric hazy condition associated with ozone formation?
  • Which injury is a tear in the skin caused by blunt force?
  • Which of the following is an indication that an athlete is suffering from a chronic injury instead of an acute injury?
  • Which term describes heat transfer by contact with a cooler surface?
  • Which term describes a legislative mechanism that releases members of one profession from liability related to another profession's practice act?
  • What is VO2 Max?
  • Which type of flexibility is defined as the degree to which a joint may be passively moved to the endpoints in the ROM?
  • What is the formula to determine BMI?
  • Which sequence describes the passive medial epicondylitis test?
  • Frost Nip most often affects which area?
  • Which knee bursa is located above the patella?
  • What form of mental health therapy works best for a patient who is highly resistant and has low motivation for intervention?
  • Which description best captures the concept of a profession?
  • For corneal type contact lenses, which part of the eye do they cover?
  • The cerebellum's primary function is:
  • Heat cramps are muscle spasms related to excessive loss of water and several electrolytes, but especially which electrolyte?
  • Which term increases excretion of urine?
  • What types of meals cause dehydration?
  • Phase 8 involves phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process of digesting cellular debris and other foreign material into pieces small enough to be removed from the injury site via which structure?
  • Heel cups can be used for which conditions?
  • Tinea corporis typically involves which areas?
  • Which term describes the ability to detect movement?
  • Which assessments measure agility?
  • What is the recommended immediate treatment for heat syncope?
  • Which three terms describe muscle fiber types?
  • What is the elastic limit of tissue called?
  • Which tissues store glycogen to supply glucose later during energy demand?
  • Which statement about the periosteum is accurate?
  • Which menstrual change is commonly associated with anorexia nervosa?
  • Which documentation registers a patient complaint date, the health care practitioners actions, and the patient response?
  • Which program provides coverage for the needy?
  • How long should ice be applied to a thigh for RICES?
  • Which nerve is involved in taste and control of salivary glands?
  • The bones of the wrist and ankle belong to which bone type
  • Strain is defined as?
  • Which term describes a medication class used primarily for chronic inflammation and is commonly administered by injection?
  • ICD-9-CM stands for international classification of diseases and is used to standardize language for third-party reimbursement.
  • Malignant hyperthermia is best described as a genetically inherited muscular disorder causing hypersensitivity to what?
  • Which statement correctly describes the types of a herniated disk?
  • Paraffin wax bath belongs to which therapy category?
  • Which of the following is NOT part of standard helmet fitting criteria?
  • Which heat transfer mechanism transfers heat through space without direct contact?
  • Which sign denotes heat at the affected area?
  • Which nerve mediates the sense of lateral eye movement (abduction)?
  • Which budgeting approach projects expenditure and revenue on a monthly basis to estimate cash flow and is most appropriate for large, well-established clinics during economic certainty?
  • To prevent overuse injuries in pediatric patients, how much of a weekly increase in training should occur?
  • Which imaging modality is primarily used to identify fractures and bone abnormalities?
  • Which statement best describes convective heat exchange?
  • Which fracture is defined by two bony fragments with a saw-tooth, sharp-edged fracture line, usually caused by direct blow?
  • Which fracture is characterized by more than three fragments at the fracture site?
  • Ear holes alignment?
  • Which activity is NOT typically listed under Organization and Administration responsibilities?
  • Which term is associated with relieving anxiety?
  • What is the maximum number of students per table at peak usage according to AT Facility guidelines?
  • Exertional heatstroke is characterized by
  • Which ethical theory states decisions should be made to maximize personal benefit?
  • Illuminated at how many foot-candles at 4 feet above floor in AT facility?
  • Which condition describes ectopic calcification (myositis ossificans) that can occur in a muscle directly overlying a bone and may subside in 9-12 months or mature?
  • Grade 2 strain sign indicates which of the following?
  • Herpes simplex virus type 2 is typically genital.
  • Which of the following is a cause of iron loss?
  • Which of the following is a sociocultural factor for disordered eating?
  • How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
  • Which instrument records the dry bulb temperature?
  • Which term refers to practice acts that define different roles and responsibilities for athletic trainers and students, with some states following the medical practice act?
  • Which is the best course of action when a patient has a suspected eating disorder?
  • In the 1920s, the Cramer family started a chemical company and began publishing which periodical in 1932?
  • Onychomycosis is commonly seen in which group?
  • For Yellow flag conditions, what is the stated limit on total outdoor exercise time?
  • Photochromic lenses change tint in response to what condition?
  • Valgus stress test of the elbow primarily assesses injury to which ligament?
  • Which mechanism describes the release of beta-endorphins?
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis is commonly associated with which hallmark sign?
  • What is the purpose of obtaining baseline neurological screening of the brain?
  • What is the agonist muscle?
  • Which medication inhibits coughing?
  • Which term is the burning agent?
  • Which describes static neck stretching of the sternocleidomastoid muscles?
  • In the closed basketweave ankle taping, two in a circular pattern corresponds to which pattern?
  • Volkman’s contracture is forearm ischemic contracture usually associated with injury to which artery?
  • What is the typical width of a groin support spica bandage?
  • Which symptom is a feature of mononucleosis related to lymphoid tissue involvement?
  • Which organization is linked to the American Journal of Sports Medicine?
  • The coccygeal vertebrae are designated Co1-4. How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?
  • What term refers to liability-generating conduct associated with the adverse outcome of patient treatment?
  • Deep frostbite requires what management?
  • Hard corns are:
  • Slow reversal (PNF) involves which movement and resistance pattern?
  • Which disease is also known as German measles?
  • Which area corresponds to the S1 dermatome?
  • Most sprains are inversion injuries with tearing of the lateral ligaments.
  • A basketball player who weighs 250 pounds (114 kg) is eating a regular, balanced diet. He is trying to build muscle and has started supplementing his diet with a commercial protein shake. What is a good range of daily total protein intake for this athlete?
  • Which term describes a plan that requires policyholders to use only network-approved providers and coordinates care through a primary care physician who acts as a gatekeeper?
  • The sural nerve is formed from branches of which nerves?
  • Which nerve type is depolarized first during electrical stimulation?
  • What is the incubation period for infectious mononucleosis?
  • Paraffin is particularly effective for treating which type of injuries?
  • Impetigo contagiosa is caused by which organisms?
  • Which of the following best describes an effective asthma management plan based on the NATA position statement?
  • Which term is defined as a form of title protection established by state law or professional associations?
  • Depressed fracture most commonly involves which type of bones?
  • Which region does the tibial nerve innervate?
  • Cotton cloth is used primarily for which purpose?
  • Which nerve is responsible for smell?
  • Monosaccharides are found in which foods?
  • Which item is NOT a Performance Domain?
  • Fasciitis is defined as which of the following?
  • Scapulohumeral rhythm 30-90: ratio 1 degree scapular upward rotation for every 2 degrees of humeral elevation.
  • Which fracture occurs on the side opposite to the point at which trauma was initiated?
  • Which term describes the portion of a claim paid out of pocket before coverage begins?
  • What is the common abbreviation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
  • Which term refers to coverage that is more comprehensive, reimbursing the costs of preventative as well as corrective medical care?
  • Which factor limits flexibility due to skin?
  • Handlebar palsy results from compression of which nerve and where?
  • Ball and socket synovial joints allow which of the following movements?
  • Which group of tissues is considered non-contractile?
  • Which statement defines registration for athletic trainers?
  • Which elements are cited as the components of proof of negligence?
  • The ball-and-socket synovial joint type includes which joints?
  • These fractures involve the cartilaginous epiphyseal plate near the ends of long bones in children who are growing. What are they called?
  • Which is an example of thermotherapy?
  • The transverse arch is supported by which bones and tendons?
  • Skin Fold Measurements are used to determine what?
  • The medullary (marrow) cavity is best described as which of the following?
  • In hot, humid conditions, which cooling mechanism should be relied on most to dissipate heat?
  • What is the recommended general approach for Exertional Heat Illness management?
  • Which structure is described as a dense, white, fibrous membrane covering long bones (except at joint surface)?
  • When performing a peer review of a patient's medical condition, which of the following is true regarding patient confidentiality?
  • What is the treatment for folliculitis?
  • Pes anserine bursitis is inflammation of which structure?
  • What structure holds the tibia and fibula together and prevents bowing of the fibula during weight bearing?
  • Which term describes the set of fundamental responses to risk that includes Avoidance, Transference, Retention, and Reduction?
  • Pain in the scapular area could indicate which conditions?
  • Which statement best describes Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID) in simple terms?
  • Misfeasance is defined as:
  • Which joint type is uniaxial and allows rotation, exemplified by the atlantoaxial joint?
  • Which assessment best reflects muscular strength, endurance, and power?
  • Which water-soluble vitamins regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats?
  • What are amino acids?
  • Protein intake should comprise what percentage of total caloric intake?
  • The lumbar plexus is formed by ventral rami from which spinal levels?
  • In the equation P = F x v, which variable represents velocity?
  • Pes cavus is characterized by which arch type?
  • At high altitude, sickle-cell trait can cause which of the following conditions?
  • Which hip provocative test is performed with flexion, adduction, and internal rotation?
  • Which event marks the start of the cocking phase?
  • Which term refers to the main shaft of a long bone?
  • In the cardiac assessment, which measurement helps determine if blood pressure is elevated?
  • Which eating disorder is commonly associated with obesity, depression, and shame due to repeated binge eating without consistent compensatory behaviors?
  • When should a pre-participation examination be conducted relative to the season start?
  • What term refers to the extent of deformation of tissue under loading?
  • For Moist Heat Packs, how many layers of toweling should be used between packs and skin?
  • Which government-sponsored program provides health coverage for the elderly?
  • Xerotic skin is best described as:
  • What defines a vision statement?
  • Hyperreflexia refers to...
  • Which of the following describes the signs and symptoms associated with hyperkeratosis?
  • Kienbock's disease is avascular necrosis of which bone?
  • Blowout fracture involves the wall of which anatomical structure?
  • In ape hand, the thumb is pulled backward in line with the other fingers by the action of which muscles?
  • Which area is included as a special service area?
  • After rapid warming, frostbitten tissue should appear as
  • Which step is responsible for paying the supplier after goods receipt?
  • Which budgeting approach is not commonly used due to expense and difficulty of analyzing costs for discrete activities?
  • What is the CPT code for an evaluation?
  • Management strategies for acne vulgaris include which of the following?
  • Rapid rewarming in deep frostbite causes what?
  • Point of Service plan (POS) is similar to a PPO but has which distinguishing feature?
  • In psoriasis, how do lesions typically begin and progress?
  • What is the recommended treatment for exertional heat exhaustion?
  • Which drug is commonly referred to as the date rape drug or roofie?
  • In aging populations, which type of muscle fibers are lost most frequently?
  • In hypothermia, which heat loss mechanism accounts for the largest portion of heat loss?
  • Which symptom is characteristic of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
  • Which injuries of the lower extremity are most common?
  • Tooth lunation is best described as which of the following?
  • During palpation, which finding best indicates tissue mobility?
  • Which range best represents a normal adult pulse rate?
  • Which term describes the manner in which one joint surface moves relative to another, such as spin, roll, and glide?
  • Which term best describes items that are expended during use and must be replaced?
  • Which term describes the amount that must be paid before any policy benefit is payable by an insurance company?
  • Which organization changed its name to CAATE in 2006?
  • Which aspect is checked by the duck walk during a pre-participation examination?
  • Which of the following is a source of soluble fiber?
  • Which statement about vitamin toxicity risk is true?
  • Which intrinsic hand muscles are associated with the T1 nerve root?
  • Which concept is illustrated by examples such as failing to follow instructions or failing to rehabilitate?
  • Which term expresses an organization's intended behavior relative to a specific program subfunction?
  • Which statement best describes macrotrauma?
  • Gradual acclimatization is described as
  • In which season is xerotic skin most commonly observed?
  • Which test identifies a positive IT band friction syndrome?
  • When should the athletic trainer refer a patient for substance abuse?
  • Which documentation system organizes information around a patient's specific complaint?
  • Which test involves passive external rotation of the foot in neutral or while plantarflexed/dorsiflexed to assess deltoid or syndesmotic injuries?
  • In hot, humid weather, which glenohumeral stabilizer is recommended for a football player?
  • Which term provides specific directions for members of an organization to follow?
  • The ligamentum teres connects the fovea capitis of the femoral head to which structure in the acetabulum?
  • How long does it typically take for cardiovascular values to return to normal after moving from sea level to high altitude?
  • What fraction of athletes are projected to sustain some injury within a one-year period?
  • Which ligament connects the lamina and helps limit flexion?
  • Which item is not typically considered a core component of strategic planning?
  • Osteoarthritis primarily involves degeneration of which tissue?
  • Which term denotes a persistent irrational fear of a specific situation, activity, or object?
  • A genu varus deformity corresponds to which tibiofemoral angle value?
  • What is the typical daily water intake for an average adult?
  • The form of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, flavorings and some medications; it is a multi system toxin and CNS depressant. What is it?
  • Which of the following is a hydrotherapy modality?
  • The medial plantar and lateral plantar nerves are branches of which nerve?
  • Which statement best reflects Wolf's law as it relates to bone?
  • Hyperthermia is defined as which condition?
  • Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis is characterized by which primary pathology?
  • Which phase is included in the Preparatory Period?
  • Which statement best describes buffer zone usage in a sports facility?
  • Which form of tort liability applies regardless of fault and is used for ultrahazardous activities?
  • Which tissue is considered contractile?
  • Which form of stretching has been found to improve running performance?
  • Which substances are associated with an increased risk of heat illness in athletes?
  • Which therapy category includes diathermy as an example?
  • The American Pediatrics, Sports Committee was established in which year?
  • UB-92/CMS 1450 is primarily used by which facility type to file insurance claims?
  • Which step comes after Receiving in the purchasing process?
  • How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
  • Narrative Charting is best described as?
  • The action that takes place in response to administrative problems is described by which term?
  • Which cranial nerve is assessed for upward movement of the eye?
  • What is the effect of the gel in gel packs?
  • A myotome is defined as...
  • Drug is defined as which of the following?
  • What is the medical procedure that uses a stethoscope to listen to movement of air or fluid within the body and to characterize the sounds by intensity, frequency, and quality?
  • Extrinsic ligaments are described as
  • Which term refers to the portion of a claim not covered by the insurer, the amount paid out-of-pocket before benefits begin?
  • Hemorrhaging is the medical term for which condition?
  • Which of the following is NOT an indication for microcurrent electrical stimulation?
  • Which organization offers the CSCS and NSCA-CPT certifications?
  • Which of the following is a symptom of heat stress?
  • Which organization is responsible for establishing protective equipment standards?
  • Which statement about plastic lenses is correct?
  • Which statement about neck opening on shoulder pads is correct?
  • Which supervision approach emphasizes collaboration between supervisors and supervisees to help them solve problems and develop professionally?
  • Which is an effective method to prevent callus formation?
  • Insulin shock is another name for which condition?
  • A smaller angle of inclination leads to which deformities?
  • Which bones are short bones?
  • Which historic condition is commonly reviewed in athletic medical history?
  • What is the end feel during elbow extension?
  • Which group was established earliest according to the material?
  • Fat-soluble vitamins are typically found in which part of foods?
  • Which term describes the action that takes place in response to administrative problems, such as annual calibration of equipment?
  • Educational Competencies include which of the following topics?
  • Which process is defined as an increase in the size of cells, leading to tissue enlargement without a change in cell number?
  • For endogenous opiate pain modulation, which parameter set is correct?
  • Which heat transfer method involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids or gases?
  • Which hamstring stretch described as effective for home flexibility involves standing with the affected leg on a table at hip height and leaning toward the elevated leg?
  • Cantilevered football pads are typically characterized by which modification?
  • Which term means to retard or inhibit the growth of bacteria?
  • Which fracture results from a fall from height and requires immediate splinting and traction?
  • Which is an example of hydrotherapy?
  • Which action is NOT part of the treatment for exertional heat exhaustion?
  • Which statement correctly describes eccentric contractions?
  • Which fracture features two bony fragments with a saw tooth edge, usually caused by a direct blow?
  • Muscle Spasm: clonic is described as?
  • What is a Process?
  • What does the statute of limitations define?
  • What is the major value of commercial and customized cervical collars according to experts?
  • Which fiber type would be most efficient for marathon running?
  • What is ICD-9-CM used for?
  • Phase 3 of the healing process involves which of the following?
  • Which fracture involves the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye?
  • Which term describes the form of oxygen produced by reaction of oxygen, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons plus sunlight?
  • Which statement correctly describes Fast Twitch Fiber Type IIa?
  • Which budget model requires justification only for those expenses that exceed those of the previous budget cycle?
  • Massage Strokes include which techniques?
  • Which exposed body part is most likely to lose body heat more quickly?
  • WBGT greater than 90 degrees corresponds to which flag?
  • Zero-based budgeting requires justification for every budget line item without reference to previous spending patterns; requires documentation of actual program needs and development of priorities.
  • Which plumbing feature is described to support an ice machine in the AT Facility?
  • Conductive heat exchange refers to heat transfer by which mechanism?
  • Secondary injury is caused by which of the following?
  • Which nerve root is associated with the deltoid muscle and shoulder abduction?
  • Which of the following is NOT a cause of exertional hyponatremia?
  • Which nerve enervates the dorsal surface of the arm and hand, including the thumb and digits 2-4?
  • Which of the following is NOT listed as a special service area?
  • Which statement best describes proper helmet fit in ice hockey?
  • What is the patient's blood glucose tolerance level?
  • If angle of torsion is greater than 15 degrees, the limb tends to what?
  • Which of the following is listed as a third-party payer type in the materials?
  • Which statement best describes the moderate heating thermal effects?
  • Stroke volume increases up to what percentage of maximal heart rate?
  • Which heat exchange is most influenced by sunlight?
  • Comparative negligence defines which concept?
  • The disease requiring standard precautions that the athletic trainer wear a mask covering the nose and mouth?
  • Auscultation is commonly used to assess which body systems?
  • Which term describes the mood changes from exaggerated feelings of happiness and great energy to an extreme state of depression?
  • After losing 5 pounds during practice, how much fluid should the athlete consume to restore hydration?
  • Afferent (sensory) neurons carry impulses ...
  • Which item is part of record-keeping described for injury management?
  • Which factor is typically the most influential limiter of ROM?
  • Which nerve is primarily responsible for sensation on the dorsal aspect of the hand including digits 2-4?
  • Salter-Harris Type 3 is defined as
  • What is the color of urine when an athlete is hydrated properly?
  • Chilblains symptoms?
  • In Kernig-Brudzinski testing, if pain occurs during straight-leg raise, what should you do?
  • Rhythmic Stabilization is characterized by which type of contractions?
  • How did the Athletic Trainers Certification exam change in 2006?
  • Which term refers to the amount charged by an insurance company for coverage?
  • The medial aspect of the ankle is stabilized by the:
  • Which symptom is a symptom commonly associated with mononucleosis?
  • NOCSAE recommendations include periodic reconditioning of used helmets. How often if there is no warranty?
  • Which organs are classic examples of stable cells that can regenerate after injury?
  • During granulation tissue repair, which statement best describes the collagen changes over time?
  • NASM offers Certified Personal Trainer and which other certification?
  • Which term describes the ability to perform repetitive muscular contractions against some resistance?
  • To prevent overuse throwing injuries among high school baseball pitchers, what is the pitch limit per game?
  • What percent of genital injuries result in permanent damage?
  • ERA stands for Effective Radiating Area in ultrasound therapy. What does it describe?
  • A Tender point is defined as
  • Which publication is associated with the ACSM as described in 1954?
  • Which of the following conditions is listed as an Exertional Heat Illness?
  • Which term is the injury resulting from a tearing away of tissue at its base?
  • Which urine color indicates proper hydration?
  • In a neurological exam, what does PEARL describe?
  • Which of the following is one of the five components required to prove negligence?
  • Which condition has a genetic component?
  • Which term describes funding losses by maintaining a fund rather than purchasing traditional insurance?
  • Which joint classification is immovable?
  • Which condition is defined by a persistent and irrational fear of a specific situation, activity, or object?
  • Which ligament connects the coracoid process to the acromion?
  • Which nerve not listed as a brachial plexus branch in the material?
  • Which body habitus is typical for slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
  • Exercise is an essential factor in fitness for?
  • Which imaging technique uses X-ray after joint space injection of opaque material to delineate a joint's contours?
  • Which fracture is specifically associated with the orbital wall following a blow to the eye?
  • Which statement correctly describes essential nutrients?
  • Circadian Dysrhythmia (jet lag) is defined as which?
  • Which condition involves re-experiencing a traumatic event through nightmares and an exaggerated startle response, with symptoms that include numbness and insomnia?
  • To monitor heat stress, which index is used?
  • Incomplete lesions of the cervical spine can result in which syndrome?
  • Which risk management strategy involves avoiding risky activity due to high potential costs?
  • Which foods contain iron?
  • Which test is commonly used to assess supraspinatus impingement?
  • What condition is associated with adrenal exhaustion?
  • Which term describes the process by which insurance companies reimburse medical vendors for services rendered to policyholders?
  • Which of the following is listed as liability-based conduct?
  • Injury, in the athletic context, is defined as?
  • Which term is defined as a collection of steps designed to direct the most important task of an organization?
  • At what BMI value is there often an increased risk of health problems associated with excess body fat?
  • Hyperhidrosis means:
  • Which layer of skin contains hair follicles and sweat glands?
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of thermotherapy?
  • According to macronutrient guidelines, what percentage of daily calories should come from carbohydrates?
  • The ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel is located in which groove?
  • What term defines the internal reaction or resistance to an external load?
  • What equipment is required for football?
  • This muscle originates below the iliac crest and inserts at the top of the greater trochanter. Which muscle is it?
  • What is the minimum continuing education units required every three years for AT certification?
  • Endosteum lines which structure?
  • Nonspecific immune response is best described as which of the following?
  • Periostitis refers to inflammation of which structure?
  • What is the primary purpose of antacids?
  • Which term is defined as the force that pulls or stretches tissue, including muscle strain and ligaments?
  • Which statement about catastrophic insurance is true?
  • Which is an indication for High-Voltage Pulsed Stimulation (Monophasic)?
  • Which genus commonly appears in clumps on the skin and upper respiratory tract and is a common cause of skin infections?
  • Epstein-Barr Virus is a member of which virus group and causes infectious mononucleosis?
  • How much of ethanol is metabolized in the liver?
  • Which of the following is NOT a psychological barrier to rehabilitation?
  • An Accident is best defined as?
  • In Boutonnière deformity, which positions do DIP and PIP assume?
  • Which phase of a lift corresponds to the recommended exhalation period?
  • Which cranial nerve is the seventh in the standard list?
  • Which statement best describes registration in athletic training?
  • Which joint type allows rotation about a vertical axis, such as head turning?
  • Which nerve controls eye movement laterally?
  • Which Le Fort fracture pattern is horizontal?
  • Developing a Policies and Procedures Manual primarily involves which of the following elements?
  • Furunculosis refers to which condition?
  • Which joint primarily allows inversion and eversion of the foot?
  • Which tendons contribute to supporting the medial longitudinal arch?
  • A navicular drop measurement showing a difference of 10 mm or more between NWB and WB indicates what?
  • What is the recommended action during lightning to reduce risk?
  • Which term describes a sustained contraction with no joint movement?
  • Which risk management strategy involves accepting that certain activities will carry risk as part of doing business?
  • Bennett fracture involves the base of which bone?
  • Which disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and can later present as herpes zoster?
  • Which Le Fort fracture pattern is transverse?
  • Which infection is described as the most common STD?
  • CHAMPUS is the government-sponsored program for members of the armed forces and their dependents.
  • The radial collateral ligament stretches from which to which?
  • Which type of tissue repair involves the generation of new cells of the same type capable of performing the same function?
  • If the flash-to-bang count is 15 seconds, what should everyone do?
  • What is the best way to determine maturation in pediatric patients?
  • Which plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts?
  • The ischiofemoral ligament inserts on which bony landmark?
  • What is the treatment for frost injuries?
  • Which muscle forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa?
  • Labile cells are best described as which of the following?
  • Pharmacokinetics describes which process?
  • Which term describes traditional medical insurance where patients can seek services from any provider, with the plan paying a portion of covered costs and the patient paying the balance?
  • What does the acronym CAATE stand for?
  • The peripheral nervous system includes which components?
  • In the purchasing process, which function handles payment processing after goods are delivered?
  • Which sequence describes the elbow flexion test for ulnar nerve compression?
  • What explains the decrease in athletic performance at altitude?
  • Epithelialization is the process of
  • Which characteristic is a likely predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to trauma?
  • In remodeling, what is the correct sequence of events?
  • Providing adequate work-rest intervals falls under which risk reduction category?
  • Tinea cruris is commonly known as which condition, and how does it typically present?
  • Operational planning is defined as planning activities over what timeframe?
  • Which sequence correctly lists the four phases of tissue repair in order?
  • Under normal circumstances, which nerves would be the first to be depolarized by an electrical current?
  • What percentage of total calories should dietary fat represent?
  • Which quadrant contains the spleen in standard abdominal quadrant mapping?
  • Which test records the electrical activity of the heart to diagnose abnormal rhythms and myocardial disease?
  • Good Samaritan laws primarily provide protection to individuals who
  • Which organization is associated with the Journal of Orthopedic and Sports PT Section?
  • Which term describes a situation where the interests of one individual or group are in competition with those of another individual or group?
  • In chronic inflammation, which cell type accumulates in the tissue?
  • The radioulnar stress test evaluates injury to which structure?
  • Which organization is the current accrediting body for Athletic Training Education?
  • A normal human body temperature is commonly cited as approximately which value in Fahrenheit?
  • Which cells form bone together?
  • What is the percent duty cycle for a current that flows for 30 seconds on and 10 seconds off?
  • Drop wrist deformity results from palsy of which nerve?
  • Which factor is typically the most influential limiter of ROM?
  • Which statement best describes the purpose of professional standards for athletic trainers?
  • Proportion of evaporative heat loss through the skin?
  • Which statement best describes a cohesive elastic bandage?
  • Which joint type permits movement in two planes and includes the thumb carpometacarpal joint as an example?
  • Which assessment best measures speed?
  • What is the recommended timing for the second application of RICES after the initial injury?
  • Which of the following is NOT a standard skinfold site for females?
  • Which budgeting type allocates a fixed amount for each sub-function of a program and makes it difficult to move money between sub-sections?
  • A positive Trendelenburg test indicates weakness of which muscle?
  • Which two bones are connected by the spring ligament?
  • What does SAID stand for in conditioning?
  • Tendinitis is characterized by which description?
  • Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness?
  • Spiral fracture is typically associated with which scenario?
  • Which of the following are signs of dehydration?
  • Which term is used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms?
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy onset time occurs typically in which age range?
  • HIPAA primarily provides protections related to what?
  • The cerebrum is characterized by:
  • Which layer provides mechanical support to the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands?
  • Unsaturated fatty acids are usually sourced from which of the following and are liquid at room temperature?
  • Which structure covers the ends of long bones and provides protection during movement?
  • Which term refers to a cohesive elastic bandage that exerts constant pressure and sticks to itself?
  • What best describes E-tetanus (lockjaw)?
  • Which are forms of state regulation for athletic trainers?
  • Medial epicondylitis is also known as which condition?
  • Which nutrient has a well-established positive influence on bone density?
  • During Cotton's test, the calcaneus is moved medially to laterally with the ankle in neutral; this assesses stability of which structure?
  • Boutonnière deformity is caused by which injury?
  • Forearm splints are commonly seen in which athletes?
  • Which term is a form of credentialing that protects the public by ensuring essential knowledge and skills, often issued by state or professional associations?
  • Conflict of interest is best defined as?
  • Which provides the most cost-efficient and reliable support for an athlete with a history of ankle sprains?
  • Brown-Sequard syndrome pattern of sensory loss is best described as?
  • Which type of skin is most likely to be sunburned?
  • Face mask attachment?
  • What temperature range is used for rapid rewarming of frostbite?
  • Which muscles contribute to foot pronation?
  • Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
  • Which mechanism is activated by sensory-level stimulation at high frequency?
  • Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is characterized by
  • Anterior cord syndrome deficits best describe which of the following?
  • Which statement best describes the primary purpose of injury surveillance research?
  • In a professional liability policy described as claims made, which statement is true?
  • In tort law, what is the typical remedy for a proven act of negligence?
  • When may an athletic trainer breach confidentiality?
  • Which statement about contagious diseases is true according to the material?
  • Which statement describes misfeasance?
  • What is normal body temperature in Fahrenheit?
  • Which statement about a warm-up is true?
  • Nonspecific immune response/inflammation is best described as which of the following?
  • Which statement describes dendrites?
  • Which term refers to a managed care model whereby an HMO provides health care decisions through a network of individual medical practitioners; care is provided in a physicians office?
  • Which bone is among the three most common facial fractures?
  • During Phase 5, the total tissue injuries include debris from which injuries?
  • Electrotherapy is defined as the use of what?
  • Operational Planning defines organization activities in the short term, usually no longer than how many years?
  • The distal tibia and fibula is stabilized by the:
  • BESS stands for which assessment tool?
  • The first attempt to form NATA occurred during which years?
  • Magnesium is needed for which type of bodily processes?
  • Which form of training best trains an athlete for increased power?
  • During cardio-respiratory endurance training, which of the following describes the heart's response?
  • Disaccharides: which pair are disaccharides?
  • Which orthopedic history item is included in the medical screening?
  • Frostnip affects the:
  • What is a direct vascular effect of histamine release on capillaries?
  • Overstitching of a part of the musculature that causes microscopic tears in the muscle or tendon, usually resulting from excess stress or overuse, is known as what?
  • Which term describes active muscle contraction that moves a limb (flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation)?
  • Ribs 1-7 are classified as?
  • Which bones are typically found in the wrist and ankle?
  • Jersey finger results from rupture of which tendon?
  • Which items should be recorded when administering a medication to an athlete?
  • Cystic fibrosis signs and symptoms include which of the following?
  • Which of the following is a stage of the Proliferation phase?
  • Which of the following actions helps prevent hypothermia by reducing heat loss?
  • Which measure reflects the kidney's ability to concentrate and dilute fluids?
  • Which afferent carries information to brain centers for integration and interpretation?
  • Which statement best describes depression?
  • Which bones articulate at the humeroulnar joint?
  • Roux's law of function adaptation states that
  • Which term describes the actions taken to address administrative problems, such as ensuring equipment is calibrated on a schedule?
  • Which statement best describes superficial frostbite?
  • Which anatomical plane divides the body into right and left sections?
  • Housemaids knee refers to inflammation of which bursa?
  • Which statement best describes professional liability insurance for a technician?
  • Which statement reflects a football shoulder pad fitting standard?
  • Which finding on a female student athlete's pre-participation examination would most likely impact her ability to begin training with the cross-country team?
  • Which supplies can be reused, such as comparison wraps, scissors, and neoprene sleeves?
  • What is the function of the interclavicular ligament?
  • What is the primary purpose of a warm-up before training?
  • The NCAA-mandatory medical examination must be completed within how many months of starting preseason conditioning?
  • Which term refers to situations or circumstances specifically not covered by an insurance policy?
  • Which risk management approach reduces risk by implementing training, procedures, and monitoring?
  • Phase 2 of the healing process corresponds to which event?
  • Usual, customary, and reasonable (UCR) defines the charge that is what?
  • Which enzyme converts fibrinogen into a sticky fibrin clot during clot formation?
  • Which description best characterizes neural tissue as a factor limiting flexibility?
  • A WBGT temperature below 78 degrees indicates which flag?
  • Breach of confidentiality refers to which concept?
  • Which statement accurately describes the temperature ranges used in a contrast bath?
  • Which principle involves progressively increasing the training load to drive adaptation?
  • Impacted fracture is caused by a fall from height with force directed up the long axis; it requires what initial management?
  • Which of the following is one of the provisions listed in the NATA Code of Ethics?
  • During healing, what forms a fibrin network to localize injury after debris clearance?
  • Ethics are the rules, standards, and principles that dictate right conduct in a profession; they are based on what?
  • Which of the following describes disadvantages of contact lenses?
  • Which domain includes health care administration?
  • Which type of insurance is designed to protect an athlete against future loss of earnings due to a disabling injury or sickness?
  • Which term represents the amount charged by an insurance company for coverage?
  • What constitutes a positive Ludingtons test?
  • Which type of training increases energy production for endurance activities such as running, swimming, and cycling?
  • What is an Explanation of Benefits form (EOB)?
  • The L4 dermatome/myotome corresponds to which movement?
  • Which type of muscular contraction occurs when resistance exceeds the muscle's force and the muscle lengthens while contracting?
  • In slow-reversal-hold-relax flexibility (PNF), which sequence best describes the method?
  • In the Noxious level approach, which nerve fibers are targeted?
  • Which carpal bone serves as the axis for radial/ulnar deviation?
  • Which pollutant is a colorless, odorless gas that reduces the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood?
  • According to the NATA position statement on safe weight loss, how many pounds can be safely lost in a week?
  • Spending-reduction model is described as financial crisis model; requires reallocation of institutional funds, resulting in reduced spending levels for some programs.
  • Ice Massage is performed at approximately which temperature?
  • The second most common facial fracture is which?
  • Which contraction occurs when the external resistance is greater than the muscular force, causing the muscle to lengthen?
  • Synthetic turf is also known as what term?
  • The National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research is conducted at which university under Dr. Fred Mueller?
  • Fibrocartilage is characterized by which feature?
  • Which statement is true about ectopic calcification (myositis ossificans)?
  • Which plane divides the body into front and back parts?
  • According to the material, what regimen is used for treating primary, secondary, and early tertiary syphilis?
  • In exertional hyponatremia, what sodium level can compromise the CNS?
  • Which of the following is listed as a treatment option for chlamydia?
  • Moderate Heating is defined as a 2-3°C rise. What are the associated effects?
  • Which government-sponsored program provides coverage for the needy?
  • Who must be educated regarding infection-control policies and procedures?
  • Which action is associated with the interossei muscles innervated by the T1 nerve root?
  • What percentage of heat produced by the body is lost through radiation?
  • Pharmacodynamics refers to which of the following?
  • Hallux valgus is also known as what bunion?
  • What describes a code of ethics?
  • Which muscle is primarily associated with the C4 nerve root?
  • PROM, or static flexibility, is defined as what?
  • Which statement accurately describes Spinal Level I pain control?
  • The L1 dermatome/myotome corresponds to hip flexion and is located at which landmark?
  • Which substance is used to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance?
  • Which bone is the main weight-bearing bone of the ankle?
  • Which of the following describes a symptom of tinea pedis?
  • Which term is a type of state credentialing that requires qualified members of a profession to register with the state in order to practice?
  • Grade 1 strain ROM status?
  • Chilblains are also known as what?
  • Which joint is biaxial with saddle-shaped heads enabling movement in two planes, such as the thumb carpometacarpal joint?
  • Objective Information refers to what?
  • Scheuermann's disease may cause progressive kyphosis in which spinal regions?
  • How long should ice be applied to an ankle or arm for RICES?
  • Hemolysis in runners is caused by
  • Which term is defined as evacuating substances from the bowels?
  • Which procedure records electrical potentials produced in the brain and is used to detect changes in brain wave patterns?
  • What is the purpose of catastrophic insurance?
  • Which parameter set correctly describes the Motor Level Approach?
  • What is the primary function of knee braces during rehabilitation?
  • Which medical condition is commonly exacerbated by cold environments?
  • Which of the following is an example of external administration of drugs?
  • Which part of the sternum is the upper portion that articulates with the clavicles?
  • What are the benefits of vitamin C?
  • Which supervision approach emphasizes collaboration between supervisors and supervisees to solve problems and develop professionally?
  • Which of the following best describes deep frostbite?
  • Which organization is responsible for the professional code of ethics for athletic trainers?
  • Pulmonary edema related to altitude tends to accumulate fluid at which altitude range?
  • Which cell type builds bone?
  • Infestation with lice is known as?
  • What is Accreditation?
  • Which spinal ligament resists extension?
  • Which sport is commonly associated with Madelung deformity?
  • Cold/ice water immersion (50-60 degrees) is typically how long?
  • Which statement best describes the role of proteins in the body?
  • Osteocytes are located within which structures?
  • A positive Neers test indicates impingement of which structures?
  • Acute bursitis can result from which cause?
  • Which direction of travel is most commonly associated with more severe jet lag?
  • Fartlek training is a form of cross-country running characterized by which pacing pattern?
  • Grade 2 sprain is characterized by which combination?
  • In malignant hyperthermia, how does the rate of muscle temperature rise compare to core body temperature?
  • Pes anserine bursitis occurs at which site?
  • Which factor is listed as increasing susceptibility to heat illness?
  • Which statement about ultrasound energy can cause tissue effects?
  • Which of the following is a negative side effect of anabolic steroids for men that directly affects reproductive function?
  • Which of the following is NOT listed as an Exertional Heat Illness?
  • What is the best instruction for using crutches to go down stairs?
  • Based on BMI, the patient would be categorized as?
  • Feasibility standards in evaluation focus on which areas?
  • Which cardinal sign represents pain and tenderness?
  • Which charting method records only deviations from predefined norms?
  • Active immunity is the result of which process?
  • Which fracture occurs in a straight line at right angles to the bone shaft and is typically caused by a direct blow?
  • Which statement about axons is true?
  • Symptoms of frostnip are:
  • Gate mechanism activation at the sensory level is most accurately described by which statement?
  • Which term describes tissue separated from its base and lost with no adequate base for attachment?
  • Which technique is a method of graphically depicting the timeline for and interrelationship of different stages of a program?
  • Which area is associated with the S2 dermatome?
  • Carbuncles are most commonly found at which location on the body?
  • The L3 dermatome/myotome corresponds to which region?
  • Which item is used to hold a dressing in place around a wound?
  • Water serves which of the following functions?
  • Which body region accounts for about 50% of heat loss?
  • Which term produces an inflammatory reaction for relief of deeper inflammation?
  • What is the second step in the six-step purchasing process?
  • Which type of insurance is designed to protect an athlete against future loss of earnings due to disability or sickness?
  • Which law provides a patient the legal right to participate in athletics despite medical advice?
  • Which heat exchange process occurs primarily through direct contact with a solid surface?
  • Pharmacology is the branch of science that deals with the actions of drugs on biological systems. Which option best represents this definition?
  • Exemption in athletic training regulation occurs when which condition is recognized?
  • Synarthrotic joints are which of the following?
  • Which tissue layer surrounds an individual muscle fiber?
  • Thermotherapy is typically used at temperatures within which range?
  • Which organization is responsible for equipment recondition and recertification standards in athletic equipment?
  • What is the fibrocartilage disk in the knee commonly called?
  • Which plan requires policyholders to use only approved vendors and coordinates care through a primary care physician?
  • During one hour of exercise, normal sweat loss ranges from
  • The median nerve is associated with which root level in the material?
  • Which program serves members of the armed forces and their dependents?
  • Which cells are primarily involved in bone resorption?
  • What is the approximate daily water requirement for an average adult with minimal physical activity?
  • Distance from nose for face mask positioning?
  • Hematopoiesis is the formation of what?
  • In proper football helmet fitting, which condition should be true?
  • Where are myofascial trigger points most commonly found?
  • What is the typical age range for presentation of Madelung deformity?
  • Which joint is uniaxial and allows flexion and extension only, exemplified by the elbow?
  • Carbohydrates intake should account for what percentage of total caloric intake?
  • Which statement best describes heat rash?
  • Which standard addresses the usefulness of an appraisal to workers, employees, and others, including concepts like constructive orientation and follow-up?
  • For bone health, what is the recommended frequency of resistance training in addition to cardio?
  • Which statement describes the function of second-order afferents?
  • Mononucleosis is caused by which virus?
  • Which option best describes the function of a warm-up?
  • What percentage of heat is lost through evaporation during exercise?
  • In the late 19th century, what development occurred in U.S. athletics?
  • Which is a contractile tissue component?
  • Which wound-healing concept describes the process by which the wound edges are drawn together during healing?
  • To prevent the spread of infectious disease on wrestling mats, what type of cleaning agent should be used?
  • In female athletes, significant muscle hypertrophy is dependent on the presence of testosterone; the initial plateau occurs after how many weeks?
  • Which of the following is a Level 2 mechanism of pain control?
  • Split-clavicle shoulder pads include a channel for the top of the shoulder that must be in proper position.
  • Which imaging modality relies on a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency signals to visualize soft tissues without ionizing radiation?
  • Exertional heat exhaustion is distinguished from exertional heatstroke primarily by which finding?
  • In a crushable chemical pack, what is the basic construction?
  • Which statement about UCL injuries is correct?
  • Which program is intended for the elderly?
  • Which practice helps prevent heat rash during sweating?
  • What is the cholesterol intake recommendation from the American Heart Association?
  • Which term describes a commitment to certain characteristics that set professionals apart from nonprofessional groups?
  • Which stretching technique involves a combination of alternating contraction and relaxation of both agonist and antagonist muscles with a 10-second push phase followed by a 10-second relax phase?
  • Which of the following is a symptom of heat exhaustion?
  • How long must documentation of a potential bloodborne pathogen exposure be kept?
  • According to helmet fitting guidelines, how far should the face mask be from the player's nose?
  • Grade 3 strain features?
  • In crutch fitting, the underarm brace should be placed from the axilla by how many finger widths?
  • Which technique involves tapping on the skin with the fingertips of the opposite hand to produce sounds?
  • Which of the following is a plausible cause of a ruptured Achilles tendon?
  • How many ribs are there total?
  • Diagnosis denotes what?
  • Which functions are associated with the vagus nerve?
  • Which term is defined as causing irritation?
  • What event triggers the formation of a sticky fibrin clot that helps stop blood supply after injury?
  • Leukocyte migration to the injury site occurs after leukocytes pass to the outside of the vascular wall. When does migration occur in relation to that crossing?
  • In the cervical spine, which vertebra is known as the atlas?
  • Endosteum is best described as which of the following?
  • Which term refers to a form of state credentialing established by statute and intended to protect the public by regulating who may practice and what duties they may perform?
  • Where is the bicipital bursa located and what is its function?
  • Which index is used to monitor heat by incorporating multiple environmental factors and is commonly referred to by the acronym WBGT?
  • Which term describes an injury due to a large insult causing immediate tissue disruption?
  • UB-92/CMS 1450 is the insurance claim form that hospitals should use.
  • Which injury occurs in runners who push off the foot or athletes who jump frequently, engage in martial arts or play on artificial turf?
  • Malfeasance is defined as:
  • Direct transmission example?
  • The screw home mechanism refers to what movement during knee extension?
  • Which of the following is NOT a primary skin lesion?
  • Which item is a candidacy requirement for the athletic trainer examination?
  • Which measure helps prevent bee stings for outdoors athletes prone to anaphylaxis?
  • Which statement accurately describes a HVPS pulse duration parameter?
  • Heat Rash is described as which?
  • Muscle Spasm: reflex refers to which description?
  • Which option correctly names the joint movement where surfaces roll and glide occur to adjust joint position?
  • Passive immunity is best described as immunity that is:
  • Which statement best describes humoral immunity?
  • Hilton's Law describes the nerve supply sharing among which structures?
  • Which term refers to burning agents?
  • Which feature is essential for an ice hockey helmet?
  • Which ligament primarily restricts internal rotation with adduction of the hip?
  • A product liability claim can be based on which theory?
  • What statement best describes licensure in athletic training?
  • The Ankle Anterior Drawer Test assesses instability of which ligament?
  • Sovereign immunity states that
  • What term provides specific directions for members of an organization to follow?
  • Which list of electrolytes is commonly required to maintain water balance?
  • Which method is described for assessing body fat in the material?
  • Which documentation model is used in injury evaluation notes?
  • Which knee support is described as neoprene with medial and lateral supports?
  • Which statement best describes tail coverage?
  • Which condition is inflammation of the fascia along the bottom of the foot?
  • Which mineral is essential for bone and teeth formation and for blood clotting?
  • Tinel sign (cervical) is performed along which superficial area behind which muscle?
  • Which standards prohibit an athletic trainer from gambling on an athletic activity in which he or she has direct influence?
  • What is a recommended pre-competition meal four hours before a game?
  • A dermatome is defined as the area of skin innervated by...
  • Variable Budgeting: Requires adjustment of monthly expenditures so that they do not exceed revenues; rarely used by school based programs.
  • The Epiphysis is defined as the
  • The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of which joint type?
  • Which of the following is a negative side effect of anabolic steroids for women that affects the menstrual cycle?
  • A tonic contraction occurs when the number of pulses per second exceeds:
  • Which Glasgow Coma Scale total score range corresponds to coma?
  • Brown-Sequard syndrome results from injury to one side of the spinal cord. Which pattern of deficits is typical?
  • Diarthrotic joints are defined as which?
  • Which contraction describes a movement in which the muscle shortens to overcome resistance?
  • During isotonic contractions, which two actions are balanced?
  • What best describes a profession?
  • What piece of equipment is most likely to be carried by an athletic trainer to be used in conjunction with CPR?
  • Humoral immune response is primarily mediated by:
  • What is the primary purpose of phagocytosis in healing?
  • Cafe au lait spots are best described as:
  • Fibrocartilage is found in which structure?
  • During helmet fitting, what should be true about the ear holes?
  • Cryotherapy is defined as?
  • In plumb line posture screen, the lateral alignment typically passes through which sequence of landmarks?
  • Which factor is most likely to increase the frequency of muscle twitches and potentially cause cramps?
  • Which statement is true about cycling helmets compared to other sports helmets?
  • Which form of stretching involves passively placing a muscle in a maximal stretch and holding it for 30-60 seconds, 3-4 times?
  • Which option correctly describes the Karvonen method for calculating target heart rate during continuous training?
  • Molluscum contagiosum is best described as which?
  • Vapocoolant spray is an example of which therapy category?
  • Which fracture is characterized by an S-shaped separation, common in football and skiing?
  • Which term describes inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a tendon?
  • Which proprioceptor is sensitive to changes in muscle length and causes a reflex contraction to resist stretch?
  • Which cells are produced by the thymus in response to antigen exposure?
  • Which description best matches folliculitis-related infection on the face?
  • Which statement best describes the concept of therapeutic interventions?
  • Phase 7 of the healing process involves which of the following?
  • If a piece of equipment does not fit properly, what is the recommended action to minimize liability?
  • How long should gradual acclimatization last?
  • Which term is associated with tenderness and may present a jump sign on palpation?
  • Which organization is a nongovernmental, nonprofit public service organization that gathers sports injury data from multiple sources including educational institutions?
  • Which brain structure is noted for controlling sleep?
  • Which symptom is listed as a Hepatitis C symptom among the following?
  • Which term refers to the scope of the Athletic Training Program including athlete, institutional, community, clinical and corporate?
  • In frostbite management, what temperature range is recommended for warming drinks and water bottles?
  • Hidradenitis suppurativa is best described as which of the following?
  • Which term describes abnormal development of a tissue?
  • Which of the following is a symptom of hypoglycemia listed in the material?
  • Which description best describes superficial frostbite?
  • Medical insurance is defined as what?
  • Which feature distinguishes exertional heatstroke from exertional heat exhaustion?
  • During remodeling, which process is first?
  • Which assessment best measures aerobic capacity?
  • What best defines flexibility?
  • An occurrence-based professional liability policy:
  • Which statement best differentiates an occurrence policy from a claims-made policy?
  • Which term describes the outside force acting on tissue?
  • What is one component of the RAMP framework in injury management?
  • Which statement best distinguishes an express warranty from an implied warranty?
  • Which ethical theory is most likely to be followed by ATs who see a clear professional duty that should be implemented universally?
  • What is the NOCSAE standard for football helmets regarding eye protection?
  • Primary sources of transmission for tinea capitis include which of the following?
  • Risk reduction strategies categories include which groups?
  • Which term describes the actions or effects of a drug on the body?
  • A patient with mild congenital heart disease would have what level of sport participation restrictions?
  • A sty is also referred to as which condition?
  • Subdural hematoma is characterized by which of the following?
  • Fats are described as which of the following?
  • Which statement best describes the aerobic-anaerobic distinction?
  • Which nerve is associated with sensation to the face and chewing?
  • Which option lists tissues considered inert soft tissue?
  • The proximal radioulnar joint involves articulation between which structures?
  • Which BOC Domain emphasizes promoting health lifestyles and minimizing injury risk through education and communication?
  • Two laterally and anterior to posterior corresponds to which tape pattern?
  • Which joint type is immovable?
  • By sport-specific rules, which sport(s) have bleeding time-outs?
  • Which of the following is a rotator cuff special test?
  • Which joint type is slightly movable?
  • Where does the greatest amount of spinal flexion occur?
  • What is the incubation period for mononucleosis?
  • Which statement accurately describes acute mountain sickness at high altitude?
  • Eye protection standards for sports are set by which organization?
  • Which symptom is commonly associated with exertional heat exhaustion?
  • To mitigate overuse injuries in youth, which approach is recommended?
  • Which term describes a state credentialing type that requires qualified professionals to register with the state in order to practice?
  • Which statement about neurilemma is true?
  • Which structure covers the articular surface of the epiphysis?
  • Which category includes items like ice machines, treatment tables, and modalities that are usually not removed from the facility?
  • Which tendon is primarily involved in supporting the medial longitudinal arch by elevating the navicular bone?
  • Evaporative heat loss occurs as sweat evaporates. Which statement describes evaporative heat loss?
  • In tort law, the typical remedy is
  • Callus formation is due to hypertrophy of which epidermal layer?
  • What is the typical time frame to file a negligence lawsuit under statutes of limitations?
  • What is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States?
  • How long does it take for a strenuously exercising athlete to deplete the glycogen content of the liver?
  • Which vertebral region contains C1-C7?
  • Grade 1 strain is characterized by which of the following?
  • Which prophylaxis should be considered for wound care after hypothermia-related injury?
  • Which symptoms are associated with excess vitamin A intake?
  • Which blood pressure reading would be considered hypertension?
  • Which injury occurs when friction or pressure damages underlying vessels?
  • What is the best way to prevent infectious diseases among athletes?
  • Which factor is considered in designing PPE?
  • Flat Bones are best described as bones such as
  • Which term best describes a conditioning program focusing on balance, flexibility, coordination, and strength, often used to improve overall fitness?
  • Which stretching method involves passively stretching a given antagonist muscle by placing it in a maximal position of stretch and holding it for an extended period?
  • Which statement best describes Sprain Grade 1?
  • Heel strike description: which region and rotation?
  • Sovereign immunity states that the government and its employees:
  • What is the treatment for heat stroke?
  • Which muscles contribute to foot supination?
  • Educational Competencies include which of the following topics?
  • Which term describes the mechanical description of the cause of an injury?
  • Which vertebra is known as the axis?
  • Which procedure can prevent skin irritation of an athlete's ankle as part of preventive taping?
  • Which disorder is characterized by a compulsion to perform repetitive behaviors to relieve anxiety?
  • During the behind-the-back portion of the Apley's Scratch test, which movements are performed?
  • Soluble fiber sources include gums and pectins from oatmeal, legumes, and some fruit.
  • Essential nutrients are defined as which of the following?
  • Exertional hyponatremia is defined as...
  • The term for artificial field turf introduced in 1966 at the Houston Astrodome is which?
  • The L5 myotome primarily controls which movement?
  • Noncantilevered football shoulder pads are chosen primarily for which feature?
  • Acne vulgaris is characterized by which lesions?
  • Which term is used to relieve flatulence?
  • Which term describes insurance that begins to pay for covered expenses only after all other sources of coverage have been exhausted, also known as excess insurance?
  • Which cervical levels are most commonly fractured?
  • Which mood disorder is most likely to occur in the winter months due to seasonal changes?
  • Fibrocartilage is commonly found in which structures?
  • What is the typical ice bag application duration?
  • Which budgeting model is commonly associated with the incremental model due to its reliance on changes from the previous cycle?
  • Which term describes a complete dislocation?
  • What are nociceptors?
  • When does a football helmet need to be reconditioned?
  • Which muscle fiber type is fast-twitch?
  • During hypothermia, shivering typically ceases at approximately what core temperature range?
  • Edema is the accumulation of which substance in tissue?
  • During an athletic event, a hypoglycemic athlete with known diabetes should begin treatment by
  • Which option correctly lists the sensory level stimulation parameters?
  • Which test is NOT used to diagnose IT band friction syndrome?
  • Which treatment is commonly used for lice?
  • Which technique maps discrete tasks on a calendar?
  • Which action is associated with the C7 nerve root?
  • Which factor is commonly associated with slower healing due to systemic characteristics such as age?
  • What motion occurs at the Atlantoaxial joint?
  • Which statement best describes Spinal Level III pain modulation?
  • Which monitoring is used to guide asthma management as described in the material?
  • The process of planning for human resources needs and identifying potential candidates to meet those needs is called?
  • Which term indicates a perceptible change in a patient’s body signaling injury?
  • Anterior cord syndrome is caused by injury to which portion of the cord and what is the resulting deficit?
  • Which budgeting model is commonly referred to as the incremental model, requiring justification only for increases over the prior period?
  • In baseball/softball batting helmets, which feature is associated with protection?
  • Which of the following is a recommended step to prevent heat loss?
  • Which term is a painful involuntary skeletal contraction, often in a well-developed individual, that occurs when a muscle involuntarily contracts?
  • Photochemical haze is formed when nitrogen dioxide and stagnant air are acted on by sunlight to produce ozone. Which term best matches this process?
  • Which term refers to a form of title protection established by state law or professional associations to ensure practitioners have essential knowledge and skills?
  • Which organ enlarges during infectious mononucleosis?
  • Which assessment best measures muscular power?
  • Reliability in staff selection is defined as
  • Which term describes an illegal act performed by someone who has no right to do so?
  • What is the maximum heart rate for an athlete who is 25 years old?
  • Which medical term describes a dangerous increase in pressure within muscle compartments?
  • Which cranial nerve is the fifth in the standard list?
  • What receptor senses changes in muscle length?
  • Acute Mountain Sickness risk at altitude range?
  • What term describes a strip of cloth or other material used to cover a wound or hold a dressing in place?
  • Type of Torts: nonfeasance (act of omission) is defined as?
  • Which term describes abnormal shortening of muscle tissue with great resistance to passive stretch, often associated with a joint developing unyielding scar tissue after muscle injury?
  • Which of the following is explicitly listed as a principle of conditioning?
  • Which performance evaluation method is described as including behaviorally anchored ranking scales?
  • Isometric exercise contraction duration commonly prescribed, according to the material?
  • Using the flash-to-bang method, count 30 seconds between the flash and thunder. How far away is the lightning?
  • Which mood disorder is most likely to occur in the winter months due to seasonal changes?
  • Nonfeasance is defined as:
  • In Navicular Drop assessment, which positions are used to compare navicular height?
  • Sodium and potassium are important for what physiological function?
  • Which term is designed to protect an athlete against future loss of earnings because of a disabling injury or sickness?
  • Which organization is associated with the Journal of Orthopedic and Sports PT?
  • What is the medical term that describes a dangerous increase in pressure within the muscles?
  • Which of the following is a standard requirement for football face guards?
  • What is a common topical treatment for psoriasis?
  • Which safety feature is explicitly listed for electrical outlets within AT Facility design?
  • Which stress, when applied beyond the yield point, commonly results in rupture of soft tissue?
  • What is the osteoclast primarily responsible for?
  • According to the macronutrient guidelines, fats should comprise what percentage of daily calories?
  • Hypoglossal nerve controls which functions?
  • Which device is commonly carried by athletic trainers to facilitate ventilation during CPR?
  • Which ligament is protected by sports bras?
  • What is the approximate inversion ROM at the ankle?
  • Which imaging modality uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures?
  • What is required regarding the warning label on football helmets?
  • Which infection is a bacterial infection of the hair follicles, often on the face, presenting with pustules, erythema, and crusts?
  • Tenosynovitis is defined as which of the following?
  • Among the estimated 50 million sports injuries per year, what percentage require little to no activity restriction?
  • When palpating a patient, which finding is assessed to determine tissue condition?
  • Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
  • Plaques are an example of which type of skin lesion?
  • Insoluble fiber is primarily found in which of the following?
  • Why are wheeled laundry bins preferred over stationary baskets in facilities?
  • In ethical design making, utilitarianism aims to choose a course of action that benefits what?
  • What determines how much body heat is produced during exercise?
  • Which term describes the process by which medical vendors receive reimbursement from insurance companies for services provided to policyholders?
  • Which statement best describes a Process?
  • Which connective tissue layer surrounds a whole muscle?
  • Which term refers to the hollow tube in the long bone diaphysis that contains yellow marrow?
  • Which practice most effectively reduces the risk of heat-related illness?
  • What information must be included on a drug label?
  • Which term describes the contraction when a muscle lengthens while lowering a load?
  • Water is needed for which functions?
  • Which statement correctly describes the somatic nervous system?
  • Which measure promotes evaporation during heat exposure?
  • Which phase lasts from maximum shoulder internal rotation until the end of motion?
  • A patient presents with a rapid and strong pulse. This finding is most consistent with which condition?
  • Which muscle fibers experience adaptation in response to resistive exercise?
  • Which statement best describes the eye protection requirement under NOCSAE standards for football helmets?
  • Which joint classification is slightly movable?
  • Evaporative heat loss is impaired at certain humidity levels. At what relative humidity is evaporative heat loss effectively impossible?
  • What is a Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR) primarily organized around?
  • Exertional hyponatremia is caused by?
  • Which chemical mediators are activated by ultrastructural changes?
  • Which condom is best to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases?
  • Which condition is characterized by vascular necrosis of the lunate bone?
  • Which muscle is implicated by a positive Empty Can Test?
  • What proportion of injuries are muscle contusions, ligament sprains, and muscle strains?
  • How far above the calcaneal insertion does the Achilles rupture commonly occur?
  • Which synovial joint type allows all possible movement?
  • Which term indicates the obligation for professionals to observe laws and regulations governing their field?
  • CPT is a coding system applied to specific medical procedures to standardize the language used for reimbursement.
  • Spending Ceiling Model is also known as incremental model; requires justification only for those expenses that exceed the previous cycle.
  • Secondary lesions are best described as:
  • A Jones fracture involves fracture of which bone?
  • Which frostbite type involves only the skin and subcutaneous tissue?
  • Which organ metabolizes about 90% of ethanol?
  • Hyperthermia refers to what condition?
  • If stroke volume increases while heart rate remains constant, what happens to cardiac output?
  • Dupuytren's contracture nodules develop in which structure?
  • Greenstick fracture is defined as?
  • Medial longitudinal arch comprises which bones?
  • Where do scabies burrows most commonly appear?
  • In the sequence of phagocytosis during healing, which cells are first on the scene?
  • Which term describes a joint that is freely movable?
  • Which supervisory concept emphasizes the use of formal authority and managerial prerogatives to improve employee efficiency?
  • 5th metatarsal deformity includes which fractures?
  • A BMI value of more than 25 is associated with increased health risks. This BMI category is most accurately described as:
  • Which imaging modality is typically used as the initial imaging study to assess suspected bone fractures?
  • Active myofascial trigger points are characterized by
  • Which term describes a muscular contraction that produces movement by shortening the muscle?
  • Which characteristic distinguishes Active Trigger Points from Tender Points?
  • Noncantilevered football shoulder pads are especially suitable for which players?
  • Which term evacuates substances from the bowels?
  • Which cells migrate to align the edges of a wound during healing?
  • Which fiber type is associated with the fastest contraction speed but the highest fatigue rate?
  • Osteoarthritis is characterized by
  • Which insurance covers school employees, officers, and the district against suits claiming malpractice, negligence, errors and omissions?
  • Which item is explicitly listed as part of injury management record-keeping?
  • In the 1920s, the Cramer family started what type of company?
  • At tendon breaking point, the tendon is usually how much stronger than the muscle it serves?
  • Which ligament stabilizes the acromioclavicular joint by maintaining articulation?
  • What percentage of African Americans is reported to have sickle cell trait?
  • Which term describes criminal misrepresentation for the purpose of financial gain?
  • What is another name for diabetic coma?
  • Which class is used primarily for chronic inflammation and is often administered via injection, with possible side effects?
  • A patient with insulin dependency moving to a high-altitude area to exercise. What must the patient know about glycemic control at high altitudes?
  • Which term represents a form of title protection that ensures public safety by certifying essential knowledge and skills?
  • Ribs 8-12 are classified as?
  • Which term is more correctly associated with increased tone/contraction due to an upper motor neuron lesion in the brain?
  • Which term denotes decreased in size due to cell death and resorption or decreased cell proliferation?
  • FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) is a federal law enacted to require student authorization to release educational records to third parties and to ensure access to records by students. In what year was FERPA enacted?
  • Most common cause of pain in the spine is which of the following?
  • Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR) describes which aspect of ultrasound?
  • Which tissue stress refers to the force that pulls or stretches tissue (muscle strain and ligaments)?
  • During dehydration treatment, which course of action is recommended?
  • Long Bones include bones such as
  • Rhythmic Initiation (PNF) begins with which sequence?
  • Labile cells are best exemplified by which tissues?
  • Which of the following describes muscle cramps?
  • A common sign of a mandible fracture is which of the following statements?
  • Which artery runs through the anatomical snuff box?
  • Which membrane covers long bones except at the joint surfaces?
  • Which statement about varicella is true?
  • Pes cavus is also known as claw foot.
  • Which condition increases the risk of hypothermia?
  • Which of the following is a certification maintenance requirement for athletic trainers?
  • Which term describes the most restrictive form of state credentialing, requiring examination and formal licensing to practice?
  • Conductive heat exchange occurs when heat is transferred through which mechanism?
  • Tendon breaking point occurs at elongation of what percent?
  • Which statement best describes the time-related aspect of negligence claims in general?
  • Which symptom is typical of plantar fasciitis?
  • Coronal/frontal plane is associated with which orientation?
  • Histamine released from mast cells causes which vascular change?
  • Which statement best describes sclerotomic pain?
  • After sustaining an eye injury, what is the recommended action?
  • High-altitude cerebral edema can cause which severe neurological manifestation?
  • Which statement best describes the peripheral nervous system?
  • Mechanotherapy is described as the use of what?
  • Which is the final phase of tissue repair?
  • Epistaxis is the medical term for which condition?
  • What are the two types of corrective vision surgeries?
  • Which action is NOT part of the recommended measures to prevent the spread of skin diseases?
  • Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the eye and pupil response?
  • Which imaging modality produces cross-sectional images by rotating X-ray beams around the patient?
  • What movements does the costoclavicular ligament limit?
  • Flexibility is best defined as what?
  • Which football players should wear cantilevered shoulder pads?
  • Which nerve is primarily responsible for tongue movement?
  • Which term describes a submicroscopic parasite organism that is dependent on nutrients within cells?
  • During crutch fitting, what is the correct distance between the axillae and the axillary pads?
  • Which term defines the journey of a drug through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination?
  • The iliofemoral ligament runs from which origin to which insertion?
  • A larger angle of inclination results in which deformities?
  • Female athletes develop amenorrhea when their body conserves stores of which mineral?
  • Which term describes additions to a standard insurance policy that provide coverage for conditions not normally covered?
  • Vesicles are an example of which type of skin lesion?
  • Tooth avulsion refers to a tooth that is which?
  • Which drug is an effective anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic with significant gastrointestinal side effects and is not administered to children under 18 due to Reye's syndrome?
  • In High-TENS protocol, what is the typical duration of relief?
  • Which factor limits flexibility due to bony structures?
  • What is the NCAA recommendation for reducing cold stress?
  • During the Preparatory Period, which phases occur?
  • Monosaccharides examples: which is one?
  • In the drop arm test, the arm is abducted to approximately how many degrees?
  • Which condition describes a complete dislocation with total disunion of the articulating bones?
  • Tooth subluxation is best described as which of the following?
  • Marfan's Syndrome is a genetic disorder of which tissue?
  • In a simple limb movement, which muscle acts as the antagonist by lengthening as the agonist contracts?
  • What term defines the capability of a drug to produce a specific therapeutic effect once it reaches the target tissue?
  • Which term is a written description of the specific responsibilities a position holder will be accountable for in an organization?
  • Which environmental condition most limits evaporative cooling?
  • Where are plantar warts typically located?
  • Hidradenitis suppurativa commonly affects which areas?
  • Is the following statement true: Contacts do not cloud during temperature changes and can be tinted to reduce glare?
  • Which set lists the five P's for compartment syndrome?
  • Which statement about ultrasound therapy is true?
  • What is the standard treatment for tinea cruris?
  • Which fracture is typically incomplete and common in children due to incomplete ossification?
  • Which term describes excessive proliferation of normal cells in normal tissue arrangement?
  • Which statement best describes Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)?
  • TX for exertional hyponatremia is...
  • Tonic Muscle Contraction is described as what?
  • How often should coaches review film of football games to educate athletes regarding their head contact position?
  • Which of the following is a principle of conditioning?
  • Usual, customary, and reasonable (UCR) is defined as:
  • Which statement best describes metabolic heat production?
  • The atlantoaxial joint exemplifies which joint type?
  • Endogenous opiate theory parameters are associated with which nerve stimulation category?
  • Usual fee refers to:
  • Which groups are required to receive education on infection-control policies and procedures?
  • Which fiber type is primarily used for short-term, high-intensity anaerobic activity?
  • Leukotaxin is associated with which process?
  • Salter-Harris Type 4 is defined as
  • URI stands for which medical term?
  • Which BMI category is overweight?
  • In 1954, which journal did the ACSM publish worldwide?
  • Management of candidiasis intertrigo includes which measures?
  • Which statement about cycling helmets is true?
  • Which fiber type is more resistant to fatigue and suited for long-duration aerobic activity?
  • The radial nerve root level specified is which?
  • Which term best describes a painful, involuntary muscle contraction that may occur in well-conditioned athletes?
  • Which of the following is a responsibility within Organization and Administration for an athletic trainer?
  • How many sacral vertebrae are there?
  • Circadian Dysrhythmia traveling east: which eating and training plan is recommended?
  • Which virus is described as a retrovirus that inserts proviral DNA into the host cell?
  • Which term is synonymous with inflammation of muscle tissue?
  • Padding under a bandage is used to prevent what?
  • Which statement describes what happens to epiphyseal plates as the skeleton matures?
  • What is the described progression of frostbite tissue during warming?
  • Which joint classification is freely movable?
  • Longitudinal fracture is best described as?
  • Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis signs and symptoms include...
  • Which option describes the proper protection for a forearm contusion during competition?
  • What happens to ATP storage in muscles after aerobic endurance training?
  • Periosteum is described as
  • Which fiber type is described as the slow-twitch fiber?
  • The sacral plexus contains nerve roots from which levels?
  • Which item is described as having two layers of nonwoven rayon separated by strands of spandex material to exert constant pressure?
  • What does the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) measure?
  • Heart rate response to exercise intensity and plateau occurs after how many minutes?
  • Which disorder is characterized by a combination of emotional and behavioral symptoms?
  • Gauze roller bandage is primarily used for which functions?
  • Which of the following is a symptom of deep vein thrombosis?
  • Which muscles form the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?
  • Which step creates the formal document to authorize and order goods after negotiation?
  • Which of the following is a cryotherapy modality?
  • Which term describes the ability to determine the position of a joint in space?
  • What is tenosynovitis?
  • Product liability refers to liability of which parties?
  • Which receptor changes in tension?
  • What is Luxation?
  • Pivot synovial joints permit which movement?
  • Posterior cord syndrome is caused by injury to the posterior cord. What is the primary deficit?
  • What is the typical width of a shoulder spica bandage?
  • What is the purpose of sweating in heat stress?
  • Which term describes a contract between a policyholder and an insurance company to reimburse a percentage of the policyholder's bills?
  • Wrist flexion worsens carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms; which condition triggers the worsening?
  • Which statement about knee braces is most accurate for preventing MCL injuries?
  • Areflexia describes which of the following?
  • The tension/bowstring test is used to assess irritation of which nerve?
  • A tonic contraction threshold value of 30 pulses per second corresponds to which option?
  • What is recommended for fluid replacement in prevention of dehydration?
  • About how many amino acids are commonly used to build proteins?
  • Which term describes a fixed amount paid by the insured per service before any policy benefits apply?
  • Which symptom is listed as a common HIV symptom in the material?
  • What is the initial maneuver in the Kernig-Brudzinski test?
  • Which knee brace category is described as prophylactic to prevent MCL injuries in contact sports, with limited supporting data?
  • Which term kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms?
  • Which nerve is a brachial plexus branch listed in the material?
  • Self determination is defined as?
  • The agonist is defined as which of the following?
  • Which statement correctly identifies the scope of risk reduction categories?
  • Which statement best describes supply and equipment inventory practices?
  • The inner surface of the diaphysis is lined with which type of bone?
  • Which budgeting method allocates a fixed amount for each sub-function of a program?
  • Efferent (motor) neurons carry impulses ...
  • Fiber: which statement is true?
  • Which term describes the state regulation that grants legal authority to practice athletic training?
  • Scapulohumeral force couple: which muscles and action?
  • Which muscle group is targeted by the static neck stretch described?
  • Type of Torts: malfeasance (act of commission): when an individual commits an act that is not legally his to perform.
  • Which tissue property describes both viscous and elastic properties, allowing for deformation?
  • Fasciitis is best described as
  • What is the ACSM recommendation for preserving bone health in adulthood?
  • Which imaging modality is primarily used to assess soft tissues and organs using ultrasound waves?
  • Which option is NOT a physiological adaptation to resistance exercise?
  • What does a Mesocycle represent?
  • Under valgus stress, which fracture is more likely to occur?
  • What is normal blood pressure?
  • What best defines a joint sprain?
  • The most common organism involved in tinea pedis is which?
  • Which heat transfer principle is described as direct contact transferring heat between objects at different temperatures?
  • Which of the following would NOT contribute to heat-related illness during exercise?
  • Which term refers to the cause of injury or disease?
  • Which term describes a legislative mechanism used to release a professional from liability for violating another profession's practice act?
  • Which statement about BMI is true regarding its limitations for muscular athletes?
  • Which statement best describes fats?
  • In pityriasis rosea, what is the herald patch?
  • Which equation represents the size of the facility according to the provided guideline?
  • How can you determine the distance to a lightning strike without a detector?
  • Sagittal plane is described as what?
  • Which cervical compression test is performed with the head rotated to reproduce radicular symptoms?
  • Vapocoolant sprays: Which option correctly identifies the most popular spray and its effects?
  • What must the athletic trainer check before administering an OTC medication?
  • WBGT is composed of which components?
  • Which term refers to health/medical/accident coverage that pays covered expenses after a deductible has been paid?
  • Which lens material is commonly used for eye protection due to high impact resistance?
  • Which term is defined as a systematized set of standards or principles that defines ethical behavior appropriate for a profession?
  • Hyaline cartilage NOT typically found in which structure?
  • Talar Tilt test assesses instability of which ligaments?
  • Which procedure involves inserting a catheter into a specific blood vessel, injecting contrast material, and taking radiographs?
  • Cause of Acute Mountain Sickness?
  • Pneumonia is an infection of which part of the respiratory system?
  • Which test measures speed?
  • Which committee researches and establishes standards regarding protective equipment?
  • Which heat-loss mechanism is most effective in warm, humid weather?
  • Which cells break down bone tissue?
  • Which ligament runs from AIIS to the intertrochanteric line and resists extension, external rotation, and abduction?
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy is which of the following?
  • Brief-Intense TENS is best described by which combination?
  • Hemophilia is a hereditary disease characterized by
  • Which term describes the process of direct observation of an employee's work, with measurements of specific behaviors and planned remediation?
  • Which term describes the ability to perform repetitive muscular contractions against some resistance?
  • Tinea is best described as which of the following?
  • Exertional heat exhaustion occurs from which combination?
  • Subluxation is best described as which?
  • Which plan provides financial incentives to encourage policyholders to use medical vendors approved by the company?
  • Which condition is characterized by fatigable weakness that worsens with activity due to autoimmune attack on the neuromuscular junction?
  • Which bone is the most commonly fractured in the wrist?
  • Which statement reflects a Focus Charting characteristic?
  • Regarding cost, which statement aligns with the material's guidance?
  • Varus stress test elbow assesses injury to which ligament?
  • Which items are included in the Ergonomics considerations for an AT Facility?
  • Which test would be positive for a lateral collateral ligament injury?
  • Adnexal structures include which of the following?
  • Which finger is most commonly affected by jersey finger?
  • How is skeletal maturity typically assessed in athletes?
  • During the PPE when the client performs the duck walk, what is the examiner assessing?
  • What document provides vendors with the specifications for bidding on goods and services?
  • Which form of supervision emphasizes the use of formal authority and managerial prerogatives to improve efficiency and alignment with program goals?
  • Which muscle fiber type is slow-twitch?
  • In the described lightning distance method, which distance unit is used after converting time to distance?
  • The main shaft of a long bone is called the
  • Which substances should be eliminated from the diet to prevent diarrhea?
  • Dermatophyte fungi responsible for most skin, hair, and nail fungal infections belong to which genera?
  • Which practice is associated with reducing stress through combined mental and physical approaches and aims to increase mobility and flexibility?
  • Which term describes the science of measuring the human body?
  • Crushed ice pack is typically used; what temperature range are they at when applied to the body?
  • Salter-Harris Type 5 is defined as
  • Which Slater-Harris type is characterized by a crushing force leading to growth deformity?
  • Which process describes tissue change where one tissue type is replaced by another not normally found in that location?
  • The Proliferation phase consists of three major events.
  • What is a macrocycle in athletic training?
  • What is the patient's total cholesterol level?
  • Negligence is the failure to use ordinary or reasonable care. Which option best describes negligence?
  • Which description correctly characterizes the passive lateral epicondylitis test?
  • Which description is correct for high-altitude pulmonary edema?
  • Which training activity best implements the SAID principle for a high jumper?
  • Which intensity level characterizes Low-TENS?
  • The protective knee brace is used prophylactically to prevent injuries to which structure in contact sports?
  • Which of the following would most strongly indicate anemia in an athlete as a lab finding?
  • Inert soft tissue trauma includes which tissues?
  • The dermis is composed of connective tissue and contains which of the following?
  • Which statement best distinguishes fartlek training from traditional interval training?
  • Which term describes insurance of oneself or one's interests by maintaining a fund to cover possible losses rather than by purchasing a policy?
  • What are the long-term skin effects from overexposure to radiation or sun?
  • Which cranial nerve is the first in the standard list of cranial nerves?
  • Damage to a joint, with a partial rupture of the ligaments, usually caused by wrenching or twisting, related to a fall, is called what?
  • In baseball/softball helmets, which certification stamp is required on the helmet?
  • What term describes open spaces surrounding areas of sports activity within a facility, needed because athletes leave the playing area at high speed?
  • Which of the following foods has a glycemic index below 55?
  • During heat stress, the level of increase in body heat is determined by which factor?
  • Which event during the Proliferation phase directly provides nutrients to healing tissue?
  • Which term describes fluids collected in muscles during and after exercise that are absorbed into the bloodstream slowly?
  • What is the early indicator that hypothermia is occurring?
  • In the RAMP framework, which component focuses on completing the end goals of physical adaptation after rehabilitation?
  • Which item is typically included in an athlete's medical history screening?
  • What is the mechanism behind Heat Syncope?
  • As many strips as it takes anterior to posterior corresponds to which tape pattern?
  • Which statement regarding cubital tunnel syndrome is true?
  • Which mediator is released from mast cells and causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?
  • Under strict liability, a product liability claim may be successful if:
  • In healthcare administration and professional responsibility, what best describes the focus of this domain?
  • Eye protection standards for sports are set by which organization?
  • Which test is used to assess flexibility?
  • Which conditions are considered altitude illnesses?
  • What is recommended when removing a tick?
  • Diastasis involves which phenomenon?
  • What is the incubation period for influenza?
  • The angle of inclination is the angle between the femoral head and shaft; normal is about 120-125 degrees. Which statement is true?
  • What is the normal Q-angle for females?
  • In progressive relaxation, what happens after the athlete becomes aware of the tension?
  • Which statement best describes the safe approach to preseason conditioning for at-risk athletes?
  • A visual acuity score of 20/10 indicates what about the patient's vision?
  • Where is the olecranon bursa located?
  • Normal shoulder flexion ROM is approximately which value?
  • The coracoclavicular ligament is composed of which two bands, and what movement does it primarily limit?
  • Which anatomical landmarks define the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the elbow?
  • Acute synovitis is inflammation of which structure?
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome signs: Which option is most accurate?
  • Percussion involves tapping on the body to elicit sounds that help determine whether underlying tissues are air-filled, fluid-filled, or solid.
  • Which immobilization device is used for splinting the spine or pelvis?
  • The National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) published which journal in 1950?
  • Which statement best defines negligence in the context of athletic training?
  • Which statement identifies sclerotomic pain?
  • What term denotes the process of direct observation of an employee's work, with emphasis on measuring specific behaviors and developing remediation plans?
  • Which nerve branches from the sciatic nerve and travels down the leg?
  • What is the recommended break schedule to manage heat exposure?
  • Which term describes redness in inflammation?
  • Which term refers to pain that becomes most intense 24-48 hours after exercise and subsides by day 3-4?
  • What percentage lead to micro trauma complications and lead to chronic conditions?
  • During remodeling, which two processes cause the scar to become smaller, paler, and stronger?
  • Tinea capitis is ringworm of the scalp. Which statement is true?
  • Which direction tends to yield faster circadian adaptation?
  • S/S of exertional hyponatremia include...
  • Which term is used for lifelong medical, rehabilitation, and disability benefits after a devastating injury, triggered by a high medical bill threshold?
  • Which sequence correctly lists the meninges from outermost to innermost?
  • Fit: base of skull and back of neck area?
  • Which budgeting term refers to the planning process that includes Needs Assessment and Capital Improvements?
  • Which personal quality is listed as a trait of Athletic Trainers?
  • The autonomic nervous system is involuntary. Which statement best describes it?
  • Luxation refers to which condition?
  • Which item is NOT listed as required baseball equipment?
  • What term describes situations not covered by an insurance policy?
  • Which statement best distinguishes a tort from a breach of contract?
  • For which sport does the NATA guideline state neither endorsement nor discouragement of helmet or headgear use applies?
  • Infectious mononucleosis is caused by which virus?
  • Which test is used to assess the supraspinatus?
  • What does CPT stand for, and what is its purpose?
  • Which statement describes the primary purpose of Needs Assessment in budget planning?
  • Which current types are used in microcurrent electrical stimulation?
  • If an athlete with sickle cell disease experiences chest or abdominal pain and pain in the joints, he or she may be at immediate risk for which of the following complications?
  • Which strengthening exercise requires a spotter?
  • Which ethical theory is defined as choosing a course of action that benefits the greatest number of people?
  • Damage to which nerve causes a foot drop?
  • Morton's toe describes which relative toe length?
  • What term describes the force on a horizontal beam or bone that causes bending or strain?
  • Which statement best describes lateral epicondylitis?
  • Which of the following are recognized eating disorders?
  • Which budgeting model is primarily associated with financial crisis management and may involve reallocating funds to reduce spending in some programs?
  • What is a common sign of herpes simplex infection during the initial outbreak?
  • Which form is used by private practice clinics to file a claim?
  • How many amino acids are commonly used to build proteins?
  • In what year did the Board of Certification certification exam move to a computer-based format?
  • The cocking phase lasts from when the hands separate until which event occurs?
  • Which condition can be induced by sitting for long periods without activity?
  • How long should ice be applied to a finger for RICES?
  • Which statement best describes elbow motion in the provided description?
  • Osteoarthritis involves which of the following?
  • If you are stuck in an open area during lightning, what position should you take?
  • Which term describes the end part of a long bone?
  • Monosaccharides are found in which foods?
  • Kienbock's disease involves vascular necrosis or osteochondritis of which carpal bone?
  • Which term refers to the modes of transmission for blood borne pathogens?
  • Which term describes a life-threatening condition where a reduced amount of blood is available to the circulatory system, leading to slowed blood flow?
  • A positive Yergason's test indicates pain and/or snapping in the bicipital groove; what are the possible implications?
  • Which term defines the internal reaction or resistance of tissue to an external load?
  • Which altitude illness can cause acute respiratory distress and death?
  • Providing the patient with a drug in a quantity sufficient to be used for multiple doses describes which term?
  • The varicella-zoster virus can cause which condition later in life?
  • What is the purpose of antidotes?
  • Which test is NOT used to assess sacroiliac joint dysfunction?
  • Trochanteric bursitis is characterized by which pain pattern?
  • What is the function of the inner and middle ear?
  • Which vitamin is associated with collagen formation and immune support?
  • Which sites are used during skinfold measurement in females?
  • BMI classifications: Which range is considered normal weight?
  • Which tissue stress is described as force moving across the parallel organization of tissue, leading to injuries such as blisters?
  • Which term is a systematic method of diagnosing a disorder that lacks unique symptoms or signs?
  • Which Le Fort fracture pattern is pyramidal?
  • Panner's disease typically presents in which patients and how is it managed?
  • How can athletic trainers help reduce the risk of overuse injuries in youth?
  • At what body weight loss percentage during exercise does thirst typically begin?
  • The risk of death from heart disease doubles with every _____ mm Hg increase in BP.
  • Which test is used to assess knee lateral stability?
  • Which of the following is a closed kinetic chain exercise?
  • Which ligaments support the medial longitudinal arch?
  • WBGT 78-82 degrees corresponds to which flag?
  • Ergonomics is best defined as the scientific study of what?
  • Which statement compares DOMS and acute-onset soreness?
  • Which temperature increase corresponds to Vigorous heating?
  • Reciprocally concave on convex surfaces characterize which joint?
  • Apophyseal injuries are traction epiphyses, in contrast to the pressure epiphyses of the long bones (Sever's disease, Osgood-Schlatter's disease).
  • Which term describes a plan that provides financial incentives to encourage policyholders to use medical vendors approved by the company?
  • Which term denotes inflammation of muscle tissue?
  • What denotes a perceptible change in an athlete's body or its functions that indicate injury or disease?
  • Under hot-weather conditions of 80 to 90 °F with humidity under 70%, which group should be observed for signs of heat illness?
  • Light therapy uses which form of energy?
  • Which of the following describes Progressive Relaxation?
  • Which pollutant is described as a colorless gas that is a component of burning coal or petroleum?
  • What is the average sweat loss per hour during exercise?
  • Tinea versicolor lesions tend to be which of the following characteristics?
  • Which property must the sole of a performance shoe provide?
  • If joint ROM is limited by inelastic scar tissue from an incision, which factor is involved?
  • Which gas is produced by the reaction of oxygen, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbon plus sunlight?
  • Which term is a form of title protection established by state law or sponsored by professional associations to ensure practitioners have essential knowledge and skills?
  • What is the immediate treatment for a heat cramp?
  • What movements are associated with the proximal radioulnar joint?
  • Which risk management strategy involves developing and implementing policies and procedures to reduce risk?
  • Which muscle controls abduction of the thigh and allows the hip to rotate internally and externally; during running, it stabilizes the pelvis?
  • Which macronutrient provides 9 calories per gram and accounts for 30% of the diet?
  • Which statement describes the most essential factor for developing speed and agility?
  • Which vitamins are water-soluble?
  • Which cranial nerve is tested by asking a patient to frown, smile, and puff out cheeks to check symmetry?
  • Which statement correctly describes the recommended initial management for frostnip?
  • Hammer toe characteristics which joints?
  • Which symptom is commonly associated with altitude pulmonary edema?
  • Which structure holds the ulnar nerve in place within the cubital tunnel?
  • Ribs 10-11 are classified as?
  • Which laboratory measure is most directly used to assess anemia risk in athletes?
  • Which hip ligament resists internal rotation, adduction, and extension?
  • Which hazard kills about 100 people per year and injures 400-500 annually?
  • Which statement best describes the management of overtraining syndrome?
  • What are the three zones of injury for frostnip?
  • Which hematoma is typically the result of a slow venous bleed?
  • After reduction of an elbow dislocation, what is the recommended immobilization position?
  • CPT codes are used to describe what aspect of medical care?
  • NEISS collects data on injuries related to what, monitored from hospital ERs?
  • Globe temperature measures what?
  • Which anatomical plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections?
  • Exploitation is defined as?
  • What percentage of African Americans have the sickle-cell trait?
  • What is the recommended percentage of total daily calories that should come from protein?
  • Short Bones include bones such as
  • Which strap guideline is correct for shoulder pads?
  • Sulfur dioxide is described as which of the following?
  • Diastasis refers to which condition?
  • Gannt Charts map discrete tasks on a calendar.
  • A dressing is best described as what?
  • Soft corns are caused by which combination?
  • Which statement correctly describes the general TENS parameters?
  • Which test assesses balance?
  • In higher amounts, caffeine raises blood pressure and increases plasma levels of which substances?
  • Which statement about saturated fatty acids is true?
  • Which nerve injury would most directly cause difficulty with finger abduction and adduction due to weakness of intrinsic hand muscles?
  • Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease affects which bone?
  • Variation in sweat rates is influenced by several factors. Which of the following is a primary factor?
  • Which radiographic imaging modality images veins filled with contrast medium to detect thrombophlebitis?
  • Which hip bursa lies over the greater trochanter and gluteus medius?
  • The injury most often occurs with blunt force against the globe causing rupture through the floor or the orbital bone or a direct blow to the orbital rim is called what?
  • Scope of the Athletic Training Program includes which areas?
  • Where has the Annual Survey of Football Injury Research been conducted since 1965?
  • Large waist circumference is associated with higher risk for which disease?
  • Which statement describes the autonomic nervous system?
  • The material most commonly used for eye protection lenses is which of the following?
  • During the PPE, what is the predictability of future cardiac events if an electrocardiogram is performed?
  • Which term refers to damage to the superficial layers of skin, such as road burns?
  • Which cranial nerve is the eleventh in the standard list?
  • What term refers to the capped contribution defined in the policy that is paid each time a medical service is accessed?
  • Which conditioning program improves muscle control, flexibility, coordination, strength, and tone?
  • Which is NOT part of Hilton's Law?
  • Which term diminishes body functions or nerve activity?
  • Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
  • Which description characterizes the active medial epicondylitis test?
  • Angle of torsion normal value range?
  • Which frostnip zone is usually proximal with minimal cellular damage?
  • WBGT 86.1-89.9 degrees corresponds to which flag and action?
  • The structure that covers long bones with a dense white fibrous membrane is
  • Transverse plane is described as what?
  • Which credential is included in Immediate Care of Injury and Illness?
  • Which item is NOT among the five C risk factors for CA-MRSA?
  • Narrative charting is a method of recording the details of a patient's assessment and treatments using which format?
  • Which structure forms the arcuate ligament (Y-shaped) within the arcuate complex?
  • Which disorder involves re-experiencing a traumatic event through nightmares or an exaggerated startle response?
  • Tinea unguium/onychomycosis involves the nail. Which management option is typically used?
  • Which factor most contributes to reduced performance at altitude?
  • Which frostnip zone is between the other two and sometimes reversible?
  • Which statement lists the three main types of torts?
  • Which receptor changes in length?
  • Which option correctly describes neoprene braces with medial/lateral supports?
  • Which theory uses motor-level stimulation in its parameter set?
  • Swing Phase is defined as what?
  • During the Preparatory Period, which phase comes last?
  • Which term indicates an increase in cell size of tissue without necessarily increasing the number of cells?
  • Which term refers to a legal wrong other than breach of contract, typically remediable by monetary damages?
  • Which certification stamp is required for ice hockey helmets?
  • Which statement describes tooth subluxation?
  • Which tissues are the primary glycogen storage sites in the body?
  • Phase 7 involves leukocyte migration. Leukocyte migration to the injury site occurs in what pattern?
  • Which statement about fats is true?
  • Which scenario justifies breaching confidentiality?
  • VO2max is defined as the greatest rate at which oxygen can be taken in and used; college athlete norms fall within which range?
  • Which statement best describes IT band friction syndrome symptoms?
  • Which term describes enlargement of a muscle due to training?
  • Tinea versicolor is caused by which organism?
  • Which muscle fiber type is slow twitch and more resistant to fatigue, supporting longer duration aerobic activity?
  • Which term describes the protection that unlicensed individuals are not allowed to perform tasks reserved for athletic trainers?
  • Which step involves requesting authorization to purchase goods or services?
  • Which fracture occurs when one end is subjected to a sudden torsion while the other end is fixed?
  • Minerals are stored in the body, especially in which organs?
  • Which infection is described in the material as a virus affecting the immune system with fatigue, weight loss, and swollen glands?
  • Frostnip is best described as which of the following?
  • Heel strike involves contact on which region of the calcaneus and what tibial rotation occurs?
  • In hot-weather conditioning guidelines, which group should be closely observed for signs of heat illness?
  • Which description matches Babinski's sign?
  • Which deep back muscle extends from one vertebra to another and aids in spinal extension and rotation?
  • Improved Neuromuscular Efficiency refers to:
  • What term defines the dose of a drug required to produce a desired therapeutic effect?
  • Which term is used to slow down or stop bleeding?
  • Charting by exception notes only those patient responses that vary from predefined norms.
  • In risk management, what term best describes the process of recognizing potential threats and vulnerabilities?
  • Which condition is defined as wasting away of muscle tissue due to immobilization or loss of nerve stimulation?
  • What does the Statute of Limitations specify?
  • What statement best describes state certification in athletic training?
  • What is the first action when heat illness is suspected?
  • Which activity is described as part of Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis?
  • Which of the following are types of carbohydrates?
  • Swan neck deformity is characterized by hyperextension at which joint?
  • Which radiographic technique involves inserting a catheter into a vessel, injecting contrast, and taking radiographs to image arteries?
  • Which minerals are primarily involved in the transmission of nerve impulses?
  • Which statement describes the epiphyseal changes seen in Madelung deformity?
  • Which statement best contrasts a vision statement with a mission statement?
  • Which domain covers therapeutic interventions?
  • Risk reduction strategies: conduct of the activity includes which actions?
  • Which cells resorb bone?
  • Which action is associated with the C6 nerve root?
  • What is a noted drawback of computerized documentation?
  • What is the leading preventable cause of death?
  • What is the structural composition of a cohesive elastic bandage?
  • How is mononucleosis spread?
  • What humidity range is recommended for the AT facility's ventilation system?
  • Which statement about UCL injury is true?
  • Miliria is commonly known as what?
  • Subcutis refers to which tissue?
  • Flat bones include which of the following groups?
  • Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation?
  • Which term describes unequal pupil sizes?
  • Which bones form the articulation of the humeroradial joint?
  • Which meals contribute to dehydration?
  • Which symptom is NOT typically associated with mononucleosis?
  • Varicella is commonly known as which disease?
  • Which condition is characterized by gradual onset and diffuse tenderness due to repeated microtrauma and degenerative changes (swelling and pain)?
  • Cardiorespiratory endurance is defined as the ability to perform what type of activity?
  • Grade 1 joint sprain is characterized by which findings?
  • Athletes with malignant hyperthermia should do what regarding exercise in hot environments?
  • Which sport can an athlete participate in if they have an acute venous thromboembolism and are taking anticoagulants?
  • The L2 dermatome/myotome corresponds to which region?
  • After a failed urine-specific gravity test, how long must pass before a retest is allowed?
  • Which test is commonly used to assess sacroiliac joint dysfunction?
  • Which is NOT an indication for TENS?
  • Which plan assigns primary care physicians to help coordinate patient care?
  • The ulnar collateral ligament is important in which movements?
  • Which term refers to an unexplained event that could result in loss of time, property damage, injury, disablement, or death?
  • Which statement describes the role of nutrition in tissue synthesis?
  • What is the treatment for heat stress?
  • Left side abdominopelvic regions include which?
  • Peak strength in untrained individuals is most likely attained at what ages for males and for females?
  • Which organization has established voluntary test standards to reduce head injuries in athletic equipment such as helmets?
  • The pons is involved in:
  • Osteochondrosis is characterized by
  • Which type of bone includes the vertebral column and skull?
  • In bones, where is the weakest region typically found?
  • In tinea pedis, fissures between the toes are commonly seen with which accompanying feature?
  • Paraffin therapy is typically performed at which temperature range?
  • Which fracture line runs perpendicular to the long axis of the bone?
  • What is the primary purpose of sports bras in athletic equipment?
  • Which nutrient is described as the most essential and accounts for about 60% of body weight?
  • Dermatophytes are responsible for most skin, nail, and hair fungal infections. Which statement is true?
  • Which cells are responsible for forming bone?
  • Which step involves receiving the goods and verifying them against the order?
  • Excess vitamin E may cause which of the following?
  • Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum and has an incubation period of approximately how long?
  • What are the health risks associated with drinking sugared soft drinks at least twice per day?
  • Accuracy standards emphasize which elements to improve validity and reliability?
  • Which is the correct equation for cardiac output?
  • Trans fatty acids have which of the following characteristics?
  • Which contraction type involves the shortening of a muscle as it contracts to overcome resistance?
  • Which statement best describes an artificial ice pack?
  • Brachial plexus roots?
  • Which statement about BMI's limitations for muscular athletes is true?
  • Gel packs are reusable cold packs that contain water mixed with an antifreeze and a gel, and are typically cooled to about -17C. Which temperature best matches this specification?
  • What is the treatment of choice for head lice?
  • AROM refers to the degree to which a joint can be moved...
  • Morton's neuroma involves a mass in the nerve sheath of which nerve?
  • Which term describes liability-generating conduct associated with adverse outcomes in patient treatment?
  • Kleiger's test helps diagnose injury to which structures?
  • Gliding joints permit which type of movement?
  • Irregular Bones are described as including
  • Which regimen is listed as a tertiary syphilis treatment in the material?
  • Which spinal ligament resists flexion?
  • Diplopia refers to which condition?
  • An intentional tort is characterized by
  • Elbow dislocation is typically characterized by which signs?
  • In Slater-Harris classification, which type is described as fracture of a portion of the physis and metaphysis?
  • What best describes the construction and function of a crushable chemical pack?
  • Dry bulb temperature is measured using what instrument?
  • Nosebleed is the medical term for which condition?
  • Athletes in which sports are required by the NCAA and NFHS to wear mouth guards?
  • Which description best matches active myofascial trigger points?
  • Which cranial nerve is primarily associated with vision?
  • Ectopic Calcification is also known as which condition?
  • In descending stairs with crutches, which instruction describes proper technique?
  • What is the term for loss of function in inflammation?
  • Which item is listed in the purchasing process as an option besides standard documents, representing non-document procurement approaches?
  • Which term denotes the name of a specific condition?
  • Which altitude illness can progress to high-altitude cerebral edema if not treated?
  • The total tissue debris at the injury site includes debris from which injuries?
  • Which term denotes a training category that emphasizes energy production for endurance?
  • The ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist runs from which structure to which structure?
  • Contusion is caused by?
  • The accessory nerve is involved in which function?
  • Which standard is focused on ensuring the evaluation process is legal and fair, including considerations such as conflicts of interest and interactions with evaluatees?
  • What is a primary function of mouth guards?
  • During receiving, which action confirms that delivered goods match what was ordered?
  • Which radiographic procedure images veins filled with a contrast medium to detect conditions such as thrombophlebitis?
  • Phase 6 of the healing process involves permeability changes. Which mediators increase the permeability of small blood vessels?
  • Which eye condition is improved by wearing contact lenses?
  • Normal aerobic capacity for most college-aged athletes is between how many mL/kg/min?
  • Which finding may result in an athlete's exclusion from sports?
  • Fixed budgeting: Expenditures and revenues are projected on a monthly basis, thereby providing an estimate of cash flow; most appropriate for large, well established sports medicine clinics during economic certainty.
  • Which tissue stress is the force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue (blisters, abrasion, vertebral disk injury)?
  • Degenerative changes in the ossification centers of the epiphysis are characteristic of which condition?
  • Which frostnip zone is usually distal with severe, irreversible cellular damage?
  • Which term denotes an insurance policy specifically intended to reimburse expenses associated with acute athletic accidents?
  • Functional knee braces are worn during and following rehab period to provide support during which activities?
  • 5th metatarsal deformity may include which fractures?
  • Phase 1 of the healing process is initiated by which event?
  • Rehabilitative braces are used following surgery to allow for what?
  • In which sport(s) are athletes allowed to wear a padded fiberglass cast?
  • Which term describes a disturbance in the circadian rhythm of walking and sleeping when traveling across time zones?
  • Among the four most common facial fractures, which bone is included?
  • Which fracture is characterized by more than 3 fragments at the fracture site, usually caused by a hard blow or fall, and may heal slowly?
  • Which term describes substances that produce analgesic and hypnotic effects?
  • Which action is recommended as most effective for minimizing travel effects for athletes?
  • An electrical stimulation protocol at sensory level with a high pulse frequency activates which pain control mechanism?
  • Which travel strategy is recommended to mitigate fatigue when crossing time zones?
  • Which heat transfer method is defined as heat transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one by direct contact?
  • Which budgeting approach requires justification for every budget line item without reference to previous spending patterns?
  • How long does the initial effusion of blood and plasma last in the vascular reaction?
  • What is the recommended toe box distance between the longest toe and the front of the shoe?
  • In product liability, liability can extend to which parties?
  • Which of the following is an intrinsic risk factor for injury?
  • The process of bargaining (Price, Supply, Quality, Shipping, & Support) is called?
  • To minimize injury and maximize performance, an athlete should engage in what?
  • What is the typical width for a spiral spica bandage?
  • What does the Eustachian tube do?
  • During an isometric contraction, which physiological effect is associated with the Valsalva maneuver?
  • Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the system whereby insurance claims can be submitted electronically.
  • Which fracture typically requires traction to restore normal length?
  • Which macronutrient provides 4 calories per gram?
  • Which statement describes the effects ultrasound energy can have on tissue?
  • Which component is typically included in risk management planning and deals with planned responses to emergencies?
  • Autoimmune response refers to which scenario?
  • What is the minimum size specified for an AT Facility?
  • Which statement best supports using non-comedogenic cosmetics in acne care?
  • Who authored The Trainer's Bible and in what year was it published?
  • What is a characteristic early sign of Lyme disease?
  • Forbidden Knowledge refers to information that an athletic trainer is forbidden to act on.
  • What is the primary purpose of an insurance policy?
  • Which class inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, providing anti-inflammatory effects similar to aspirin but with fewer side effects?
  • What is the term for the arrest of bleeding?
  • Which statement best describes when confidentiality must be breached in a safety-critical context?
  • Orbital fractures most often result from blunt trauma to the eye area.
  • Ellipsoidal joints feature which arrangement?
  • Which fracture results when the bone splits along its length?
  • Which term describes a localized skin reaction to contact with an allergen that may blister and itch?
  • Which supervision process is defined by direct observation of work and measurement of specific behaviors for remediation?
  • Graves disease leads to which endocrine condition?
  • Which term describes a mood disorder with episodes of mania and depression?
  • Which elements are integrated in healthcare administration and professional responsibility to promote optimal patient care and employee well-being?
  • Which spinal level corresponds to the patellar reflex?
  • Which fracture is a split along the length of the bone?
  • A warranty claim can be based on which type of promise about product quality?
  • Salter-Harris Type 4 involves fracture through which regions?
  • March fracture most commonly involves which metatarsal?
  • How many days is the recommended acclimatization period?
  • What forms the superior border of the cubital fossa?
  • Tail coverage in professional liability insurance is best described as:
  • Representing oneself as an athletic trainer before passing the BOC certification examination violates which national standards?
  • Neuritis is inflammation of the nerve.
  • Smog is produced by the combination of which pollutants?
  • A common sign of acute exertional rhabdomyolysis is...
  • Which term refers to unexpected and unprovoked emotionally intense experiences of terror and fear?
  • Which statement best describes unsaturated fats?
  • Which term describes protection that prohibits unlicensed individuals from performing tasks reserved for athletic trainers under law?
  • Disaccharides are combinations of monosaccharides; which pair are disaccharides?
  • Which vitamins are listed as antioxidants in the material?
  • What value is considered high blood pressure (hypertension)?
  • What are the early signs of deep frostbite?
  • When taping an ankle to prevent inversion, what is the direction of the heel lock on the lateral side of this ankle?
  • What is the minimum immersion time in an approved instrument-cleaning solution?
  • Risk reduction strategies: injury management includes which actions?
  • Regardless of sex, which combination of intrinsic characteristics predisposes an athlete to overuse injuries?
  • Which statement describes axons?
  • Which cranial nerve is the ninth in the standard list?
  • Which spinal ligament in the cervical region is also called ligamentum nuchae?
  • Which symptom is typical of myasthenia gravis?
  • Grade 2 strain features include which of the following?
  • The ulnar nerve corresponds to which spinal nerve root level in the material?
  • Which statement about bone function is correct?
  • Which classification is used for ribs 8-12 according to the source?
  • The Diaphysis is defined as the
  • During the inflammatory response phase, which is delivered to the injured tissue to localize injury?
  • What term denotes the threshold where aerobic metabolism becomes dominated by anaerobic metabolism?
  • Which organ enlarges in infectious mononucleosis?
  • Pott's fracture involves which of the following injuries?
  • Assumption of risk involves which condition?
  • What best defines the standard of reasonable care in professional liability?
  • Health insurance differs from medical insurance in that it is more comprehensive and includes what?
  • Wet bulb temperature measurement uses what method?
  • Which fracture is defined as separation of a bone fragment at the attachment of ligaments or tendons, usually following a sudden twist?
  • An increase in muscle temperature during a warm-up results in what changes to muscle properties?
  • The synovial membrane lines which part of a synovial joint?
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Grade 1 strain?
  • Multiple sclerosis is best described as which type of disease?
  • Which task is a primary component of a rehabilitation program for an athlete?
  • Which term describes the elastic limit?
  • Which contraction type maintains tension while the length of the muscle does not change?
  • Which term describes an insurance policy intended to reimburse medical vendors for the expenses associated with acute athletic accidents?
  • Frostbite occurs when tissue begins to freeze, usually signaled by which symptom?
  • Gannt Charts are best described as which of the following?
  • Which of the following is NOT listed as a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis?
  • Referred pain is pain that is felt at one point of the body other than its origin.
  • Which MRSA-related skin infection involves hair follicles and can form a cluster?
  • Supple Pes Planus is characterized by what behavior of the arch in NWB vs WB?
  • Which statement best describes the effect of increasing the distance of a muscle’s attachment on the lever arm?
  • Which therapy may shorten the course of herpes and reduce recurrence?
  • Which budget model involves reallocating institutional funds to reduce spending and identifying areas that could be cut without serious impact?
  • What is the epidermis?
  • Errors and omissions liability insurance is designed to protect:
  • In hold-relax flexibility (PNF), which sequence correctly describes the procedure?
  • An athlete who is trying to gain weight should consume how many additional calories per day?
  • Which document is used to request authorization to purchase goods/services?
  • Which nutritional factor positively influences bone density?
  • Fraud is defined as criminal misrepresentation for the purpose of financial gain.
  • Which term describes the back or rear portion of the body?
  • Which cells differentiate to form antibodies in the humoral immune response?
  • What is the effect of caffeine in moderate amounts?
  • Which term best describes additions to a standard insurance policy that extend coverage to conditions not normally covered?
  • At what relative humidity ranges is evaporation severely impaired?
  • Which sport has athletes who are often nutritionally compromised due to the lean-body requirement?
  • Which action is NOT appropriate when an athlete is suspected of having an eating disorder?
  • Tinea cruris commonly presents with a rash that is usually bilateral and symmetrical.
  • Which nerve arises from the sciatic nerve and travels down the back of the leg to the plantar foot?
  • Acute-onset muscle soreness is best described as
  • Which term refers to a form of state credentialing that requires professionals to register with the state and may allow a grace period before full registration is required?
  • Bishops deformity results from damage to which nerve?
  • Which stimulant can produce euphoria, increased sense of well-being and heightened mental activity, with fatigue, nervousness, insomnia, and anorexia?
  • When making a psychosocial referral, what are the most important personal characteristics to identify in a mental health caregiver?
  • The hip joint is best described as which type of joint?
  • What is the typical width for an ankle or foot spica bandage?
  • Clonus is described as rhythmic beats when performing which maneuver?
  • What is an adverse effect of using growth hormones?
  • Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
  • What should an athletic trainer do when a coach requests information about an athlete's injury status?
  • Which vitamin is water-soluble?
  • How long should a dynamic warm-up last?
  • Which arch is formed by cross transverse tarsal bones and is supported by the short plantar ligament?
  • At elevations of 7,000-8,000 feet, what is the approximate risk and main symptoms of acute mountain sickness?
  • How often should weight room equipment be inspected for damage, loose screws, and cables?
  • Where do T lymphocytes mature?
  • Which structure is composed of hyaline cartilage?
  • Paraffin Immersion Method: Submersion duration?
  • Which finding is described with Murphy sign in lunate dislocation?
  • Which nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium?
  • Epidural hematoma is typically caused by tearing of which vessel with what rate of bleeding?
  • During forearm pad fabrication, which action is performed after the thermoplastic setting is complete?
  • Which fracture is typically found in flat bones after impact with a hard surface?
  • Common wart corresponds to which verruca forms?
  • The ACL runs to which area on the tibia?
  • Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis is characterized by...
  • In standard abdominal quadrant mapping, which quadrant contains the appendix?
  • Clergyman knee is associated with inflammation of which knee bursa?
  • What is the typical cardiac output at rest and during exercise?
  • How can tendons, ligaments, and fascia be encouraged to improve net growth?
  • Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation?
  • Repeated Contraction Strength (PNF) is primarily used for which purpose?
  • Muscle Spasm: tonic is best described as?
  • Which afferent carries sensory messages from the dorsal horn to the brain?
  • Under whose medical direction is an athletic trainer according to the BOC Standards of Professional Practice?
  • What are the components of a PICO question according to the material?
  • Which examination uses ultrasound to assess blood flow in the major arteries and veins of the arms and legs?
  • Which option lists the signs and symptoms of dehydration/electrolyte depletion?
  • Which is NOT listed as a personal quality of the athletic trainer?
  • Peak strength in untrained individuals occurs in which age range for males and which by females?
  • When can a multiple adaptor be used safely with electrical modalities?
  • Which nerve branches from the brachial plexus and travels down the arm to the palm along the forearm beside the ulna?
  • Which term describes a plan that offers financial incentives to use network providers?
  • OSHA mandates that employees at risk for exposure to blood-borne pathogens must be offered vaccination for which condition?
  • When assembling a fitness testing assessment, which tests should be done last?
  • Which stretching method involves a bouncing movement in which repetitive contractions of the agonist are used to produce quick stretches of the antagonist?
  • What is the best way to determine medical history and the nature of the current emergency of an unconscious patient?
  • Which statement best describes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
  • The central nervous system comprises which structures?
  • Bennett fracture involves which joint?
  • Chin strap positioning relative to center?
  • Which symptom is typical due to acetylcholine deficiency in myasthenia gravis?
  • Which statement accurately describes Supply and Equipment Inventory practices?
  • Epiphyses are composed primarily of cancellous bone surrounded by a layer of cortical bone. Which option reflects this composition?
  • Which term means the ability to determine the position of a joint in space?
  • In monopolar stimulation, electrons travel from the cathode to the anode; which pair of descriptors correctly completes the sentence?
  • Some epiphyseal plates do not close completely until about what age?
  • Which statement correctly differentiates stress and strain?
  • Which skin cell is responsible for pigment production?
  • Which exercise best measures muscular strength?
  • Which strategy would most likely involve purchasing insurance to cover potential losses?
  • Which PPE arrangement emphasizes privacy of physician's office?
  • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is most commonly seen in what part of the body?
  • Allergic contact dermatitis is best described as which?
  • Which term refers to coverage added to a standard policy to cover items not normally covered?
  • Which mediator is primarily responsible for leukocyte margination and diapedesis?
  • Which option is NOT listed as a typical work setting for athletic trainers?
  • Which statement about fiber recommendations is true?
  • Which property describes tissue deformation that results from the combination of viscous and elastic behavior?
  • Claw hand deformity occurs when there is compression of which nerves?
  • Which joint classification applies to the metacarpophalangeal joints as an example?
  • Frost Nip commonly occurs under which conditions?
  • Rectal temperature indicating mild hyperthermia?
  • Volkman’s contracture is forearm ischemic contracture usually due to injury to which artery?
  • Influenza is caused by which group of viruses?
  • Which budgeting type allocates a fixed amount of money for an entire program without specifying how it will be spent, giving freedom to allocate where it is needed most?
  • Which hip bursa lies between the iliopsoas tendon and the hip joint?
  • Which movements are associated with the C8 nerve root?
  • Which cardinal sign corresponds to swelling?
  • The International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) was created in 1938 at which event?
  • Intrinsic ligaments occur in which location relative to the joint capsule?
  • Convective heat exchange depends on what factor?
  • Which statement about dietary fat is true?
  • Which term is defined as a person directly involved as a participant in an activity?
  • In isometric exercise, which factor primarily determines the magnitude of strength gain?
  • Which standard is intended to foster practicality in the evaluation process by emphasizing practical procedures and viability?
  • Exhaled moisture is an example of which heat transfer process?
  • Which factor is listed as a contributor that can impede healing due to environmental conditions?
  • The ability to move a joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through full ROM is called what?
  • What does the flash-to-bang method involve for safe return to activity?
  • What term describes the central tube in bone with concentric cylinders of intercellular matrix?
  • Which statement best captures the coach's responsibilities?
  • An elbow figure 8 bandage is used for which purpose?
  • Which parameter set describes Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)?
  • Misfeasance is defined as
  • Which term refers to a network of individual medical practitioners through which care is provided?
  • Which budgeting approach allocates a fixed amount for an entire program without specifying how the money will be spent, allowing freedom to spend where it is needed most?
  • Which description best matches the pronator teres test?
  • Which condition features locally thickened tendons with pain and crepitus during movement?
  • Which brace is most appropriate to prevent MCL sprains in collision sports?
  • What is a Myofascial Trigger Point?
  • Severe burns can be treated with what home remedy?
  • The wet bulb temperature is used to assess which environmental aspect?
  • Latent myofascial trigger points are best described as
  • In contract-relax flexibility (PNF), which sequence correctly describes the procedure?
  • In training room design, which sign is necessary to indicate the location of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?
  • Arch support in footwear should be made of and join with which component?
  • Folliculitis is inflammation of which structure?
  • Which standard aims to improve the validity and reliability of the evaluation process, including defined roles and bias control?
  • LeFort classification describes fractures of which region?
  • Fracture to which part of the femur is more likely to displace and cause additional complications?
  • Which term suggests a process for determining the most likely cause for a condition?
  • Which option accurately describes tennis elbow?
  • The radial collateral ligament of the wrist runs from the radial styloid to which bone?
  • Which of the following reflects the Principles of Conditioning?
  • Push-off: which statement best describes foot and subtalar motion?
  • What defines a mission statement?
  • Which plumbing feature specifically relates to the ice machine in AT Facility specifications?
  • The chickenpox incubation period is 13-17 days; how long is it contagious?
  • Which term best describes a commitment to comply with laws and regulations in the profession?
  • During a high school basketball training camp, a young boy complains of knee pain after landing from a jump shot. He reports hearing a popping sound when the injury occurred. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
  • Which option correctly describes the historic sequence of recognition and accreditation events for athletic training education?
  • What organism causes scabies?
  • Which term is a formal document describing the qualifications, work content, accountability, and scope of a job?
  • Which term refers to an organization's intended behavior relative to a specific program?
  • The ulnar collateral ligament consists of three parts; which part is strongest?
  • Which nerve is the motor nerve of facial expressions; taste, control of salivary glands?
  • Which symptom is listed for Hepatitis C?
  • Which joint type is multiaxial, featuring a rounded head that fits into a concavity, seen in the hip and shoulder?
  • Which principle emphasizes tailoring training to the individual?
  • Which of the following are signs and symptoms of exertional heatstroke?
  • A threshold of 30 pulses per second is characteristic of tonic contraction; which option lists this value as correct?
  • Tinea versicolor is best described as which of the following?
  • Fast Twitch Fiber Type IIa is characterized by which pattern of fatigue resistance and activity?
  • Radiant heat exchange is primarily influenced by exposure to solar radiation. Which statement is correct?
  • Which imaging technique involves injecting an opaque dye into the spinal canal through a lumbar puncture?
  • Which altitude illness is defined by fluid accumulation in the lungs?
  • Which condition defines aerobic metabolism?
  • Which imaging modality uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to view organs or tissues?
  • Progressive resistance exercise strengthens muscles by contracting against fixed resistance produced by equipment.
  • Tennis elbow is inflammation of which epicondyle and affects which muscle?
  • Which test is NOT listed as a positive test for carpal tunnel syndrome?
  • Which nerve is involved in sensation to the face and mastication?
  • Which term describes a large amount of force generated quickly?
  • What does Collecting Injury Data encompass?
  • Foramen of Weitbrecht is the space between which glenohumeral ligaments?
  • What effect do prostaglandins have on blood vessels and tissue?
  • What are potential effects of excess vitamin E?
  • Mumps appears _____ days following exposure.
  • Which spinal level corresponds to the brachioradialis reflex?
  • Which term describes the generation of heat from another energy form such as sound, electricity, and chemical agents?
  • In regeneration-type repair, what happens to the cells?
  • Which imaging modality uses strong magnets to align hydrogen atoms for imaging?
  • Intrinsic ligaments are best described as
  • Intervertebral joints are best described as which type of synovial joint?
  • Which joints permit gliding movements and are usually uniaxial?
  • Mallet toe is defined by flexion deformity at which joint?
  • Medulla oblongata functions include:
  • Narrative Charting is best described as?
  • Which term denotes a form of state credentialing that requires qualified members of a profession to register with the state in order to practice?
  • A common drawback of computerized documentation is?
  • Which drugs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and have anti-inflammatory effects similar to aspirin but with fewer side effects and slightly longer duration of action?
  • Mild Heating is defined as a 1°C temperature rise. What is the associated effect?
  • Leukotaxin promotes which process at the site of inflammation?
  • What is the patient's current blood pressure?
  • Central cord syndrome description: Which feature is described in this condition?
  • Most good running shoes support between ____ miles.
  • What is a consequence of PMNs dying off at the injury site?
  • What is the typical mileage range before replacing running shoes?
  • Which policy type would most likely protect a teacher sued for alleged negligence by a student?
  • Which organization offers Certified Personal Trainer and Performance Enhancement Specialists certifications?
  • Phase 8 of the healing process involves which of the following?
  • Closing laceration within what time frame is recommended for best results to achieve primary union?
  • Which virus family does the agent causing chickenpox belong to?
  • Which term refers to the main shaft of a long bone?
  • The axillary nerve originates from which nerve plexus?
  • Which test provides a graphic recording of a muscle contraction and the electrical activity generated in a muscle?
  • During midstance, which movement describes subtalar and tibial action?
  • Where is the endosteum located?
  • Unhappy Triad injury involves valgus force with the foot planted in slight external rotation, damaging which structures?
  • Which term describes a managed care model where care is provided by a network of independent medical practitioners and typically occurs in a physician's office?
  • Which description best defines a saddle joint?
  • Which assessment best measures agility?
  • Which statement accurately describes a Grade 2 sprain?
  • What does the Macrocycle describe in training planning?
  • Which term describes the free will to judge for oneself, to determine one's own course of action, and to manage one's own affairs?
  • Which of the following is an example of cryotherapy?
  • What is the recommended proportion of total calories from fats?
  • Whirlpool baths are heated to what temperature range?
  • Which statement best describes how to fit an ice hockey helmet?
  • Which condition defines anaerobic metabolism?
  • Paraffin Glove Method: How many dips are performed, and what wrap/rest is used?
  • In slipped capital femoral epiphysis, the femoral head slip is typically directed how?
  • Which vitamins are antioxidants?
  • Pivot joints permit what movement?
  • What is the recommended treatment for exertional heatstroke?
  • According to the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluations, which standard is listed last among Propriety, Utility, Feasibility, and Accuracy?
  • Which value represents the typical beam nonuniformity ratio (BNR) for ultrasound devices?
  • What is the recommended daily intake range for carbohydrates as a percentage of total calories?
  • Which form originated with Medicare and is used by private practices to file medical claims?
  • Moist Heat Packs: What do they contain and how should they be applied?
  • Which statement about cholesterol recommendations is accurate?
  • A common initial management for folliculitis is what?
  • Metaplasia is defined as the conversion of one kind of tissue into a form not normal for that tissue.
  • Which statement about psoriasis is true?
  • The deep fibers of the medial collateral ligament attach to the medial meniscus through which structure?
  • Phase 4 of the healing process involves which of the following?
  • Which of the following is a performance evaluation method listed in the source?
  • In the off-season for wrestling, how often should weigh-ins occur?
  • Which of the following is a common symptom of lice infestation?
  • Which statement describes a biomechanical factor affecting muscular strength?
  • Neoprene braces with medial/ lateral supports are intended for which users?
  • Tennis elbow typically involves which muscle group?
  • Which of the following is an essential component to include in an asthma management plan for emergencies?
  • Which tissue stress can crush tissue when energy is sufficient and the force can no longer be absorbed (example contusion)?
  • Which energy system breakdown is described for cardio-respiratory endurance: ATP is immediate energy source, with 60% fat and 40% carbs?
  • Which imaging modality is more accurate than an arthrogram but requires insertion of a fiber-optic endoscope into a joint space?
  • Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the parotid glands?
  • Which program is a government-sponsored program for needy individuals?
  • Sugars should account for less than what percent of total caloric intake?
  • Which statement describes meditation?
  • Tears most commonly occur at which locations?
  • What is one primary use of neoprene sleeves?
  • EDI is also known as what type of claims system?
  • Which term describes farsightedness?
  • Which term is transient pain that develops during or after exercise and is accompanied by fatigue?
  • Which item would be recognized as a concern requiring further investigation on a health history form?
  • Which description characterizes the pronator teres test?
  • Which term is the elastic limit of tissue?
  • Posterior cord syndrome primarily preserves which function?
  • Breast protective devices should support which structures?
  • PERT stands for which of the following?
  • What term describes a covering, protective or supportive, applied to an injury or wound?
  • Which cervical test uses lateral side bending to provoke symptoms?
  • Which standard is described as ensuring the usefulness of appraisal to workers and others?
  • Osteochondrosis is characterized by which of the following?
  • Exclusive provider organization's (EPO) plan: Medical services are reimbursed only if patient uses contracted providers.
  • In Paraffin Glove Method, which option accurately describes the dipping and wrapping protocol?
  • Which description best characterizes Madelung deformity?
  • Ellipsoidal joints feature which surface arrangement?
  • Which statement about Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is correct?
  • Hyporeflexia is best defined as...
  • The digits described as affected by the median nerve are which?
  • Which professional can be involved in the medical history review for a pre-participation examination?
  • What is the recommended practice regarding sexual activity while being treated for chlamydia?
  • Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
  • Which two ligaments form the coracoclavicular ligament?
  • The bones of the skull, ribs, and scapulae are examples of which bone type
  • Product liability covers the liability of which parties along the chain of manufacture?
  • Which statement about elbow dislocation management is incorrect?
  • Which elbow fracture is most common in children after a fall on an outstretched hand?
  • WOTS UP analysis assesses which of the following?
  • Which term describes a group of symptoms that indicate a condition or disease?
  • Which item is NOT listed as a requirement for candidacy for the Athletic Trainer exam?
  • OSHA stands for which organization?
  • Which tissue stress occurs when beyond yield point leads to rupture of soft tissue or fracture (sprains, strains, avulsion fx)?
  • Which option is NOT an external administration method?
  • Which nerve travels down the back of the leg, through the popliteal fossa, and terminates at the plantar side of the foot?
  • A breach of warranty of fitness occurs when:
  • Which joint allows eversion, inversion, pronation, and supination?
  • Fit check criterion regarding movement under pressure?
  • Which feature is typical of exertional heatstroke?
  • Which fracture is defined by splitting along the length of the bone?
  • Which contagious itchy bacterial infection of the skin is commonly on the face or hands and causes clusters of blisters?
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy primarily affects which tissue?
  • What is the best plan for an athlete who has been diagnosed with overtraining syndrome?
  • Which set of ribs are considered true ribs?
  • Which processes are characteristic of the Hemostasis and Inflammation phase?
  • Which physiological event occurs at Spinal Level I pain control?
  • Which Slater-Harris type involves separation of the growth plate and a small part of metaphysis?
  • In equipment design, which factor can help reduce potential injury?
  • Which examination technique is used to detect murmurs or abnormal heartbeats?
  • What is the initial vascular change in the vascular reaction?
  • Gate mechanism activation is true when which statement is selected?
  • Which proximity factor is explicitly mentioned as beneficial when locating an AT Facility?
  • Which statement about shoulder pad strap guidelines is true?
  • What best defines a cool down?
  • Plantar warts sign includes which feature?
  • Oppenheim's sign is produced by rubbing along which landmark?
  • Which nerve is housed in the cubital tunnel?
  • What is the primary function of heel counters in shoes?
  • Immediate emergency transfer is advised for which heat-related condition?
  • Rhinovirus is the cause of which illness?
  • The Feiss line NWB assessment is drawn from which landmarks?
  • Turf toe is a hyperextension injury resulting from sprain of which joint?
  • Which term is used to produce an inflammatory reaction to relieve deeper inflammation?
  • Which tool is associated with operational planning to sequence tasks and timelines?
  • How is experimental therapy typically treated in professional liability policies?
  • Which dietary component serves as the basic building blocks of bones, muscles, and skin?
  • Which item is listed as a component of the Policies and Procedures Manual toolkit along with PERT and Gannt charts?
  • Misfeasance: when an individual improperly does something they have a legal right to do.
  • Which type of synovial joint primarily allows flexion and extension?
  • Which action best reduces the risk of hyponatremia during prolonged exercise?
  • Which of the following is NOT a listed symptom of hypothermia?
  • Salter-Harris fractures occur in which population?
  • Which term is used for infection of eyelash follicles?
  • Bowlers thumb results from perineurial fibrosis around which nerve?
  • Which category of drugs produces local or general numbness?
  • Cardiorespiratory endurance is defined as which?
  • Are annual updates required by the NCAA before participation in intercollegiate sports programs?
  • Which joint is the 'true ankle joint' that permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
  • What was the primary purpose of NATA when formed in 1950?
  • Which statement best describes myofascial pain?
  • SAC stands for which concussion assessment?
  • Which topics constitute the neurological history portion of an athletic medical screen?
  • What is the plantarflexion range of motion at the ankle?
  • Which foods have a low glycemic index (less than 55)?
  • An athlete playing which football position is most likely to suffer a cervical spine injury resulting from head-down contact?
  • Which of the following best describes typical shoe uppers?
  • Which measurement is likely unreliable for a glucose monitor at high altitude in insulin-dependent individuals?
  • Which fiber type is fatigued rapidly and used for short-term, high-intensity anaerobic activity?
  • Which elbow flexion angle is recommended when fitting crutches?
  • Circadian dysrhythmia, or jet lag, is defined as?
  • Which statement correctly describes normal stroke volume?
  • The medial meniscus is which shape?
  • Acute mountain sickness typically occurs after ascent within which time frame?
  • Which factor primarily determines VO2 max?
  • What is the approximate daily water requirement for an average adult?
  • Which nerve controls eye movement, opening of eyelid, pupil constriction, and focusing?
  • Chickenpox is caused by which virus?
  • What is the draft factor for ventilation in AT facility?
  • Which term is used to describe the set of general guidelines that govern actions within an organization to support a program?
  • Which ligament connects the femur to the fibula?
  • Grade 3 sprain features?
  • Who are the most common victims of the date rape drug?
  • Myositis ossificans corresponds to which term?
  • Omega-3 fatty acids help reduce the likelihood of which conditions?
  • What is true about active and passive ROM?
  • Which device uses a pump to suck air out of a sleeve for angulated injuries?
  • Which term is a capped contribution defined in the policy and paid by an insured person each time a medical service is accessed, and must be paid before any policy benefit is payable?
  • A large waist circumference is associated with higher risk for which disease?
  • Which statement best describes the function of an antidote?
  • Hypertrophy is defined as:
  • Which ocular complication is associated with Marfan's Syndrome?
  • When the elastic limit is exceeded and tissue fails, what is this called?
  • Grade 3 strain description?
  • Blisters are produced by which mechanism?
  • What percentage of heat is lost through evaporation during hypothermia?
  • Pseudofolliculitis barbae is best described as which of the following?
  • Approximately when does clot formation begin after tissue injury?
  • Which term describes the condition where elastic tissue is exceeded, causing tissue to break?
  • Which description defines an ellipsoidal (elliptical) synovial joint?
  • An athletic trainer who has been convicted of a felony can apply for reinstatement of membership after what period?
  • Which term denotes the common wart typically seen in school-aged children?
  • Which description best fits deep frostbite?
  • Which factor is considered intrinsic to the individual that influences injury risk?
  • Which statement about sugars is correct?
  • Noncantilevered football pads are less restrictive on shoulder motion, suitable for which players?
  • Which imaging method uses a thin, fan-shaped X-ray beam to produce cross-sectional views of tissues?
  • Brachial plexus weakness is associated with which nerve roots?
  • Which term describes the transition from off-season to competition within periodization?
  • Gonorrhea should be suspected in patients presenting with which finding?
  • Avulsion fracture is defined as separation of a bone fragment at the attachment of ligament or tendon, usually occurring after a sudden twist or stretch.
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the ten principles of conditioning?
  • Which statement about the diaphysis is correct?
  • Whirlpool Baths: What types of tanks are used, and what do they provide?
  • In what year was the National Athletic Trainers' Association formed?
  • Which statement about fat-soluble vitamins is most accurate?
  • Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) enables what capability in claims processing?
  • Which term describes mechanical forces applied to a living organism that adversely change the body's structure and function?
  • Blowout fracture occurs to the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye.
  • Which Glasgow Coma Scale total score range indicates mild head injury?
  • Charting by exception is a type of medical record that notes only those patient responses that vary from predefined norms.
  • What is the maximum recommended Q-angle to avoid excessive knee valgus?
  • Which of the following is a treatment for plantar fasciitis?
  • Normal sweating rate is approximately how much?
  • The calcaneal tuberosity is the attachment point for which structure?
  • Medicare is described as what?
  • Usual fee is defined as:
  • Which feature provides lubrication in a synovial joint?
  • Tinea cruris is commonly referred to as:
  • Clonus is characterized by rhythmic beats felt during which movement?
  • What special test evaluates for weakness of the gluteus medius?
  • Which nerve wraps around the head of the fibula?
  • During the receiving process, which activity is essential to perform upon delivery?
  • Which imaging procedure involves inserting a fiber optic endoscope into a joint to examine its interior?
  • Which statement best distinguishes binge eating disorder from bulimia nervosa?
  • What is hyphema?
  • Severe outcome of acute exertional rhabdomyolysis includes...
  • Which stretching method involves a bouncing movement in which repetitive contractions of the agonist muscle are used to produce quick stretches of the antagonist muscle?
  • Which feature is explicitly listed as part of the Electrical Systems for an AT Facility?
  • In the active lateral epicondylitis test, which action is performed by the patient?
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the four phases of tissue repair?
  • Little League Elbow is caused by repetitive microtrauma from throwing due to valgus stress. Which option best describes this condition?
  • What is the duration of the fibroblastic repair phase?
  • During midstance, which movements occur at the subtalar joint and tibia?
  • Which vitamins are water-soluble?
  • Saturated fatty acids are typically derived from which source?
  • Good Samaritan law provides protection for individuals who
  • Which factor involves morphological changes in neural tissue due to acute compression or repetitive micro-trauma?
  • Exertional hyponatremia is most often associated with which contributing factor?
  • Which term denotes increased temperature at the site of inflammation?
  • Which nerve travels down the arm along the anterior forearm beside the ulna to the palm?
  • What is malignant hyperthermia?
  • Haglund's deformity is commonly known as which of the following?
  • For continuous training, which methods are used to determine the target heart rate and what is the minimum intensity?
  • Which statement best describes Sprain Grade 2?
  • Which BOC Domain focuses on implementing evidence-based examinations and assessments to form a valid diagnosis?
  • Which gynecologic detail is included in the medical history for female athletes?
  • The sciatic nerve arises from which spinal levels?
  • Which option is commonly categorized as a mechanotherapy modality?
  • Which term increases excretion of urine?
  • Which cranial nerve is tested for lateral movement of the eyes?
  • Which statement best describes the function of first-order (primary) afferents in pain pathways?
  • Which term is defined as pain only at the site of palpation?
  • How is the diagnosis made that a person has been drugged with Rohypnol?
  • Scapulohumeral rhythm 90-180: ratio 1:1.
  • Rohypnol is best described as which type of drug?
  • Which statement best explains the increased dietary protein needs for a training athlete?
  • Third-party reimbursement is the process by which which party receives reimbursement?
  • In thermoregulation, which substance can contribute to hypothermia?
  • Which statement describes an ergonomically fit workspace?
  • Which organization publishes the Standards of Professional Practice followed by athletic trainers?
  • Which of the following is a symptom of turf toe?
  • Chinstraps: which configuration is preferred?
  • Which term describes the contraction when a muscle shortens to lift a load?
  • Risk reduction strategies: records management includes which action?
  • Furunculosis typically presents with boils on which areas most commonly?
  • Which is NOT a common element of PPE?
  • Which term is described as pain at rest; firm pressure usually elicits a 'jump sign', with a referred pain pattern similar to the patient's pain?
  • Which option represents an aerobic capacity assessment in fitness testing?
  • Which term refers to protection of a professional title and prevents unlicensed individuals from calling themselves athletic trainers?
  • Which synovial joint is described as reciprocally concave on convex, exemplified by the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
  • Examples of light therapy include which of the following?
  • Intervertebral joints are best described as which type of joint?
  • Heat Cramps are characterized by muscle spasms due to loss of fluids and electrolytes; recommended treatment?
  • Width of shoulders is used to determine the proper shoulder pad size.
  • Which mediator is associated with phagocytic activity and swelling proportional to vessel damage?
  • Which design factor helps reduce injury by absorbing impact energy when designing equipment?
  • The Q-angle is a measurement used to assess alignment around which joint?
  • Center regions of the abdominopelvic grid include which regions?
  • What is the maximum percentage increase in training per week to avoid overuse injuries in pediatric patients?
  • Which personal quality is listed for Athletic Trainers?
  • What does HIPAA stand for?
  • The lateral meniscus is which shape?
  • Which term best describes the nonspecific immune response?
  • Which type of repair involves the generation of new cells of the same type capable of performing the same function?
  • Jet lag adaptation can take up to approximately how many days?
  • Which term means the expected course and outcome of the injury?
  • Rubeola is another name for which disease?
  • Which describes a contraction in which the muscle increases tension but does not change length?
  • What is the function of antiseptics?
  • Mononucleosis treatment is mainly supportive. Which option best reflects this statement?
  • Which statement best defines a Mission Statement?
  • Which item is used to contact a medical contact in emergencies?
  • What is reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
  • Osteometry is the measurement of what?
  • Which of the following best describes the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
  • Bursitis can be caused by which factors?
  • Melanocytes are cells that
  • What is a concern when using BMI to assess athletes who have high lean body mass?
  • Heat syncope is associated with which mechanism?
  • Epaulets and cups should cover the deltoid muscle and allow movement required by the position.
  • The cervical plexus is formed by nerve roots from which spinal levels?
  • What are the five steps in Evidence Based Practice in the correct order?
  • Which organizations followed NOCSAE standards?
  • Which device provides support and moderate pressure and should not be used if it will alter a fracture deformity?
  • Which term refers to the formal schedule for implementing and coordinating program tasks over time?
  • Gonorrhea is caused by which organism?
  • Which ligament runs from the superior pubic ramus to the medial iliofemoral ligament and resists abduction and extension?
  • Which term describes an invading agent that triggers the immune response?
  • Which surface stimulation elicits Babinski's sign?
  • What is the first stage of syphilis called?
  • Which symptom combination can indicate a vitamin deficiency?
  • Which skin color description is most indicative of low oxygen levels?
  • Which of the following is a BOC Domain?
  • Which organization is currently responsible for accrediting athletic training programs?
  • Which structure lines the medullary cavity?
  • Which of the following is an open kinetic chain exercise?
  • Which of the following routes is not listed as an internal administration route for drugs?
  • Which statement describes a strict liability tort?
  • Central cord syndrome is caused by ischemia or hemorrhage in the central portion of the spinal cord and results in which of the following?
  • Regarding rehydration after dehydration, should fluid replacement exceed the amount of fluid lost?
  • Which term is used to describe the name given to a particular medical condition?
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis most commonly occurs in which group?
  • What certification must an ice hockey helmet carry to be considered compliant?
  • In the sensory level approach to electrical stimulation, which nerve fibers are targeted?
  • Which category includes monitoring environmental conditions?
  • Rapport is defined as?
  • Which factor determines the amount of tension a muscle can generate?
  • A patient presents with a rapid and weak pulse. This finding is most commonly associated with which condition?
  • Which somatotype is described as skinny?
  • Chaddock's sign is elicited by running along which area?
  • Cotton's test implies injury to which ligaments?
  • CMS 1500 is a form private-practice clinics should use when filing a claim; originally developed for medicare.
  • Which organization was created to encourage and support scientific research in orthopedic sports medicine?
  • What is the recommended daily fiber intake?
  • What is a key benefit of folate and B12?
  • In a fee-for-service/indemnity plan, who typically bears the balance after the insurer pays?
  • What equipment is required for soccer?
  • The cerebrum consists of how many hemispheres?
  • What is the method called that estimates distance to lightning by counting seconds between the flash and the thunder?
  • Which statement best describes myofascial pain?
  • What bones form the Atlantoaxial joint?
  • Enlargement of sebaceous glands is called?
  • Which of the following is NOT an appropriate step to take when initiating treatment for cold injury to the feet?
  • Which assessment best measures flexibility?
  • The common peroneal nerve provides sensory innervation to which area?
  • Which action is NOT recommended when initiating treatment for cold injury to the feet?
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is also known as which common name?
  • Which joint classification is freely movable?
  • Which ligament resists clavicular elevation at the sternoclavicular joint?
  • Which muscle is most closely associated with stabilizing the pelvis during gait, often assessed by a Trendelenburg test?
  • Cavitation refers to which phenomenon?
  • A genu valgus deformity corresponds to which tibiofemoral angle value?
  • Which components constitute the medial longitudinal arch, including bones, ligaments, and tendons?
  • WOTS UP analysis stands for which elements?
  • What is the average daily fiber intake in grams?
  • Which tissue layer surrounds a muscle fascicle?
  • Elastic cartilage is found in which structure?
  • Which spinal level corresponds to the Achilles reflex?
  • During the Apley's Scratch test, which movement pattern crosses over the opposite clavicle?
  • Which of the following best describes the symptoms of tinea cruris?
  • Which term describes the extent of deformation of tissue under loading?
  • How many times should tackle football players be educated about head-down contact risks during a season?
  • Which joint is biaxial and permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction, as seen in the knuckles?
  • Which of the following is an example of mechanotherapy?
  • Which of the following is NOT a type of heat-related illness?
  • Which fracture is defined as separation of a bone fragment at an attachment of ligaments or tendon, usually as a result of a sudden twist or stretch?
  • Cardiac output is the primary determinant of what physiologic measure?
  • Which statement best describes Focus Charting?
  • Eye protection: which material is recommended for lenses due to high impact resistance?
  • During PPE, a patient is shown to have vision of 20/10. What does this mean?
  • Which tissue type is non-contractile?
  • Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) is recorded from which instrument?
  • Cerebrospinal fluid is located between which two meninges?
  • Normal elbow flexion range is approximately which degrees?
  • Passive immunity is achieved by which procedure?
  • Which of the following is a potential complication associated with dehydration?
  • Which symptoms are associated with excess vitamin D intake?
  • Which fracture is described as an S-shaped separation commonly seen in contact sports?
  • Which feature describes a gliding (plane) synovial joint?
  • Evaporative heat exchange depends on sweat evaporation; which statement is correct?
  • Which drug class can produce euphoria and heightened mental activity, followed by fatigue and nervousness?
  • Initial symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include numbness and tingling in which areas?
  • What determines the condition of a helmet?
  • In monopolar stimulation, which parameter determines which electrode(s) will be active?
  • Which term means the predicted outcome of injury?
  • Which cardiac involvement is associated with Marfan's Syndrome?
  • Which term describes inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a tendon?
  • What is the state of being legally responsible for the harm one causes another person called?
  • MRSA commonly presents as which skin infection?
  • Which nerve roots contribute to the brachial plexus?
  • Which statement about active myofascial trigger points is correct?
  • Liability is the legal responsibility for harm one causes another person. Which option best defines liability?
  • What provides main stability of the elbow?
  • Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (rear) sections?
  • What is Subluxation?
  • Which condition is defined as inflammation of the nerve?
  • AT as a third party describes which situation?
  • Which role is included in the Professional Responsibilities of an athletic trainer?
  • Which statement best describes the purpose of a contrast bath?
  • Which term describes a fee that is the lower of either the usual or customary fee?
  • Which person is most likely to suffer heat cramps?
  • Which term is used for a venereal wart?
  • Hyperkeratosis involves thickening of which skin layer due to constant pressure or friction?
  • Which term best describes the logical method of distinguishing diseases with overlapping symptoms?
  • Which item is included in the medical history regarding medications and exposure to illicit or illegal drugs?
  • Approximately what percentage of body weight is water?
  • Murphy sign is used to diagnose dislocation of which carpal bone?
  • How is stress defined?
  • Which statement about a positive Feiss line is correct?
  • Which ligament bridges the acetabular notch?
  • Which statement best describes field safety checks for athletic activities?
  • When should emergency medical treatment be initiated for a person who has ingested ethanol?
  • Which term describes the ends of long bones?
  • Claw toe deformity involves flexion of which joints?
  • Which term describes tenderness and pain in inflammation?
  • What is the purpose of certification and licensure?
  • Ape hand results from palsy of which nerve?
  • In a clinical setting, when can a client be billed for reimbursement?
  • Which statement correctly describes the parameters for microcurrent stimulation?
  • Which phase of the throwing sequence lasts from maximum external rotation until ball release?
  • Which nerve type is first depolarized under normal circumstances?
  • Which term is the formal set of standards that defines ethical behavior appropriate for a profession?
  • At the humeroradial joint, which statement is true about flexion and extension?
  • What does the acronym RICES stand for in injury management?
  • What positive test identifies a deep vein thrombosis?
  • Chaddock's sign is produced by which action?
  • Ultrasound is listed under which therapy category?
  • WBGT 82.1-86 degrees corresponds to which flag and restrictions?
  • Which imaging technique involves intravenous injection of a radioactive tracer to image the body?
  • Which term describes the portion of any claim that is not covered by the insurance provider, the amount of expenses that must be paid out of pocket before the insurer will cover any expenses?
  • What is a common treatment for Impetigo Contagiosa?
  • Which term describes a health plan that uses a gatekeeper primary care physician and requires use of approved vendors?
  • What does HIPAA primarily ensure?
  • In pain modulation via endogenous opiate theory, which parameter set is correct?
  • Which description best matches latent myofascial trigger points?
  • Risk reduction strategies: preparation for activity includes which actions?
  • What does the medullary (marrow) cavity contain in a typical long bone?
  • Which set of phases correctly describes periodization in training and conditioning?
  • Craniometry involves measurements of what?
  • Which statement best describes Sprain Grade 3?
  • Untreated frostnip symptoms may progress to which severe outcomes?
  • Which ligament lies between the spinous processes and resists flexion and rotation?
  • Which imaging modality involves injecting an opaque dye into a joint space to visualize the joint on X-ray?
  • Which task is a responsibility shared by both physician and athletic trainer?
  • Dendrites receive stimuli and have a tree-like appearance.
  • Which ethical framework emphasizes a professional duty to be followed universally rather than outcomes?
  • Which mediator is released from mast cells to promote vascular changes in inflammation?
  • Which insurance is designed to provide lifelong medical, rehabilitation, and disability benefits for victims of devastating injury, taking effect after a threshold medical bill?
  • Which term is an objective, definitive indicator for a specific condition?
  • Dupuytren's contracture primarily limits which movement?
  • Achilles tendon injury usually occurs at which location?
  • Which test records electrical activity of the heart to diagnose rhythm abnormalities and heart muscle disease?
  • An insurance policy is a contract between which parties?
  • Which term describes insurance that begins to pay for covered expenses only after all other sources of insurance coverage have been exhausted and is also known as 'excess insurance'?
  • Which of the following best describes micronutrients?
  • Which contraction occurs when a muscle contracts without changing its length?
  • The complete training period is called what?
  • During treatment for exertional heatstroke, what is the target rectal temperature to aim for?
  • Which statement best describes fast twitch type 2a fibers?
  • Which remodeling process reorganizes collagen fibers from a random to a parallel arrangement?
  • Therapeutic exercise indicates?
  • What is a normal resting pulse rate for adults?
  • Which term describes the requirements or qualifications a person should have to fill a particular role in an organization?
  • An athlete with sickle cell trait is entering preseason conditioning. Which recommendation best enhances safety?
  • Which statement describes a benefit of mouth guards related to head injuries?
  • FERPA primarily governs access to which type of records?
  • Which term slows physiological activity?
  • What best defines strategic planning?
  • Which description best explains comparative negligence?
  • What pulse rate characteristic is commonly seen in well-trained athletes?
  • Articulate Cartilage is described as
  • Which statement about Injury Evaluation and Progress Notes is true?
  • WOTS UP analysis is a data collection technique designed to determine which of the following?
  • Which afferent transmits impulses from nociceptor to dorsal horn of the spinal cord?
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the three classic phases of syphilis?
  • Athletic trainers must pass which examination to become certified?
  • Which displacement is resisted by the posterior sternoclavicular ligament?
  • Which exercise most likely needs the support from a weight belt?
  • Which of the following outlines the reinstatement process after felony conviction for athletic trainers?
  • What is ethical egoism in ethical decision making?
  • A customary fee is defined as:
  • Where was the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) formed in 1950?
  • Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?
  • Which statement about UCL injury management is true?
  • How many cervical vertebrae are there?
  • Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below how many degrees Fahrenheit?
  • Which plan is characterized by policyholders using a network of approved vendors and requiring primary care coordination?
  • Which structure is NOT part of the arcuate complex?
  • What is the best way to prevent hyponatremia?
  • Suprailium is a skinfold site used for females.
  • Capital Movements involve which funding strategies such as pooled buying, booster clubs, alumni networks, and sponsorships?
  • Which term describes a muscle action with no movement, typically to hold a stationary position?
  • Which ankle movement is primarily controlled by the S1 myotome?
  • Weight-bearing forces on bone cause activation of which cells to increase bone size?
  • Cellulitis is defined as:
  • Which statement describes electrically induced contractions?
  • Which carpal bone is most commonly dislocated in the wrist?
  • Which statement best defines ultrasound in physical therapy?
  • Which option is best described as a knee support that is a simple sleeve rather than a brace?
  • Candidiasis in body folds typically presents as which of the following?
  • Which statement about NCAA mandatory medical examinations is true?
  • Which nerve travels through the carpal tunnel?
  • What is the correct order of steps to obtain a blood pressure measurement?
  • Which muscle is primarily associated with the C5 nerve root?
  • Where is glucose stored if not needed immediately?
  • Right side abdominopelvic regions include which?
  • Which term describes a pattern of unfounded suspicion about specific people or things?
  • Which statement best describes the relationship between pulse frequency and pain control mechanism activated?
  • What term describes the rate at which a drug disappears from the body?
  • Sebaceous glands secrete which substance?
  • Molluscum contagiosum management includes which of the following?
  • Langerhans cells aid the immune system by
  • What term describes disruption of the sleep-wake cycle after long flights?
  • Which term denotes a plantar wart?
  • Which term describes abnormal shortening of muscle tissue with a high resistance to passive stretch?
  • During crossing the opposite clavicle in the Apley's Scratch test, which movements are used?
  • What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide poisoning?
  • Which describes Rohypnol as a CNS depressant with onset and duration?
  • Which pre-competition nutrition approach aligns with the guideline for a meal four hours before competition?
  • Which term would you consult to understand the formal rules guiding actions within an organization toward a program?
  • What term describes the muscle that is stretched in response to contraction of the agonist?
  • Which of the following is a symptom of tendinitis?
  • Which term describes a slight increase in temperature during cooling?
  • Which statement best describes paronychia/onychia?
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs due to compression of which nerve within the carpal tunnel?
  • Which PNF technique progresses from slow, passive movement to active movement through an agonist pattern?
  • In endurance nutrition, which macronutrient is typically the second-largest component of daily calories after carbohydrates?
  • What is a recommended treatment for frost nip?
  • A positive Hawkins-Kennedy test indicates pain and suggests impingement of which structure?
  • What instruction should athletic trainers give to educate patients on the prevention of periodontal disease?
  • Where does the gluteus medius insert?
  • Three inferior to superior corresponds to which tape pattern?
  • Which muscle forms the medial border of the cubital fossa?
  • Which fluid can transmit an infectious disease?
  • Which term is defined as a contract between an insurance company and an individual or organization?
  • Which form is used by hospitals to file insurance claims?
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the five classic signs of inflammation?
  • Which activity falls under Risk Management?
  • Where are the most common locations of bursitis?
  • During the overhead portion of the Apley's Scratch test, which movements are performed?
  • Which statement about the myelin sheath is true?
  • Which fracture is often found in flat bones and results from falling onto a hard surface?
  • What is the most common assessment tool for determining sexual maturity?
  • Contractions that involve movement and change in muscle length, balancing concentric and eccentric actions, are known as what?
  • The lateral longitudinal arch comprises which bones and supporting structures?
  • Atrophy is defined as:
  • Which of the following is the element that establishes the legal obligation of the defendant to conform to a standard of conduct?
  • What are the typical Q-angle values for males and females, and what is the maximum recommended Q-angle?
  • Evaporative cooling is most effective when which condition is true?
  • Madelung deformity is more common in which gender?
  • During exercise, which beverage formulation is considered the best-absorbed for fluid and energy replacement?
  • Smog is produced by the combination of which pollutants?
  • Which nerve governs eye movement that is inferior and lateral?
  • Which cells produce bone?
  • Which cell type resorbs bone?
  • Which two neurophysiological phenomena does PNF stretching take advantage of?
  • Which is a direct cause of deaths in sports described as chest/trunk impact with thrown objects, other players, or non yielding objects?
  • Depressed fractures are most commonly associated with which scenario?
  • Which statement best describes sebaceous glands?
  • Which of the following is a correct guideline when fitting a football helmet?
  • Which fluid is NOT listed as capable of transmitting an infectious disease?
  • Where is ATP produced during muscle metabolism from glucose and glycogen?
  • What is the purpose of the NCAA Injury Surveillance System established in 1983?
  • Which disease is described as the most common chronic liver disease in the United States?
  • Which statement about ligaments is correct?
  • Which term describes alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession?
  • What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?
  • Which organism is commonly implicated in web-space infections of tinea pedis?
  • Bradykinin contributes to inflammation by which of the following?
  • Which structures contribute to valgus stability of the elbow?
  • Which of the following is a performance evaluation method listed in the source?
  • Which anatomical feature articulates with the talus on the calcaneus?
  • Grade 2 strain includes which signs?
  • Which end feel best describes forearm supination?
  • Minerals are stored in the body, primarily in which locations?
  • Which combination of vitamins and compounds are commonly recognized as antioxidants?
  • An athlete with an active herpes infection should be disqualified from which type of sports until not contagious?
  • Which nerve is involved in eye movement that directs gaze downward and inward?
  • Extrinsic ligaments are best described as:
  • Which plan is traditional medical insurance whereby patients are free to seek medical services from any provider; plan covers a portion of costs and patient pays the balance?
  • In PNF stretching, autogenic inhibition is the phenomenon where maximal isometric contraction stimulates the Golgi tendon to effect a reflex relaxation of the antagonist.
  • Erythrasma is which of the following?
  • Which health plan is similar to PPOs, but assigns primary care physicians to coordinate care?
  • Diplopia refers to which symptom?
  • Which cell type is primarily responsible for laying down the extracellular matrix during tissue repair?
  • Myopia refers to which vision condition?
  • Salter-Harris Type 1 is defined as
  • The Transverse Humeral Ligament retains which structure?
  • A patient presents with a rapid and weak pulse. This finding is most consistent with which condition?
  • Which statement best describes therapeutic interventions in athletic training?
  • Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is best described as which of the following?
  • Irritant contact dermatitis is defined as which?
  • Which statement correctly distinguishes soluble and insoluble fiber?
  • Which term is defined as the ability to perform repetitive muscular contractions against some resistance?
  • Vigorous Heating is defined as a 4°C rise. What is the effect on tissue properties?
  • All of the following are excitable tissues except:
  • In Oppenheim's sign, which action is performed?
  • Which knee brace type is described as worn during and after rehab to provide support during functional activities?
  • Which organization was formed in 1950 to establish professional standards for athletic trainers?
  • What is a normal respiration rate for adults at rest?
  • Which assessment best measures endurance?
  • Heat syncope is most likely to occur during which period?
  • In the purchasing process, which document initiates procurement by requesting authorization to purchase goods or services?
  • Which bones constitute the sternum?
  • Swelling is an increase in tissue volume due to what?
  • What does a positive Speeds test indicate?
  • Which statement best describes articular (hyaline) cartilage in a joint?
  • During crutch fitting, how should the hand piece be adjusted?
  • Which term means loss of function in the inflamed area?
  • Which statement describes dermatomic pain?
  • Radiant heat exchange is from sunshine or release from the body. Which option describes radiant heat transfer?
  • Where does fluid accumulate in altitude-related pulmonary edema?
  • Miliria results from which mechanism?
  • Tennis elbow is inflammation of which epicondyle?
  • What is the primary purpose of a dynamic splint?
  • Which term describes structural and functional changes that result from the injury process?
  • During the relaxing phase, as isotonic contraction of the agonist pulls the limb further into the pattern, a reflex relaxation of the antagonist must occur to allow movement.
  • Ergonomics is concerned with improving which aspect of work?
  • Cell-mediated response is primarily a defense involving which components?
  • Reversibility of muscular strength indicates that cessation of training can cause muscle atrophy within as little as:
  • Epiphyses are the proximal and distal ends of a long bone.
  • Which cranial nerve is responsible for chewing and sensory examination of the face?
  • How long must you wait after the last lightning strike before resuming outdoor activities?
  • Which test is used to assess cardio-respiratory endurance?
  • Which condition is cited as the highest incidence of indirect sports deaths?
  • Exertional heatstroke is associated with what level of rectal temperature?
  • Normal forearm rotation ROM for pronation and supination is approximately how many degrees each?
  • Which examination maneuver is specifically designed to assess posterolateral rotary instability of the elbow?
  • Which PPE arrangement is described as ideal for privacy?
  • Providing a single dose of medication for immediate use by the patient describes which term?
  • When wrapping a hip flexor strain, what is the position of the involved leg?
  • Which disorder is characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or laxatives?
  • Tinea corporis is typically treated with which of the following?
  • Anisocoria describes which of the following?
  • Which term describes the maximum force a muscle can exert during a single maximal contraction?
  • Which coding system is used to classify diseases and medical conditions for reimbursement?
  • What is the BMI value threshold for underweight?
  • Which organization recognized Athletic Trainers as Allied Health Professionals in June 1990?
  • Which type of glenohumeral shoulder stabilizer is best for a football player in hot, humid weather?
  • Which term refers to the structural and functional changes that happen after injury?
  • Which phenomenon involves cold exposure causing vasospasm of digital arteries lasting for minutes to hours?
  • Which coding system is used to standardize the language for illnesses, injuries, and other medical conditions for third party reimbursement?
  • Which of the following is a common cause of plantar fasciitis?
  • Which statement about muscle stiffness is accurate?
  • Which pairing is correct for disease transmission?
  • What is the most common running-induced bursitis?
  • Excoriations are best described as:
  • Which is the innermost layer of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
  • Which fracture has ≥3 fragments at the fracture site, usually due to a hard blow or awkward fall, with displaced fragments making healing difficult?
  • Which test evaluates anaerobic capacity?
  • Which cranial nerve is assessed for balance and hearing?
  • Which contraction type occurs at a constant velocity through the range of motion?
  • Which term describes wasting away of muscle tissue, with immobilization, inactivity, or loss of nerve stimulation as main causes?
  • Which category includes items such as crutches, coolers, and kits?
  • Jaw pads essential to keep helmet from moving laterally.
  • Which budgeting method requires adjusting monthly expenditures so they do not exceed revenues and is rarely used by school-based programs due to difficulty estimating costs in advance?
  • To construct a hard-shell forearm pad that relieves pressure on a contusion, which sequence of steps is correct?
  • Good Samaritan law provides limited protection against legal liability to any person who voluntarily chooses to provide first aid. Which statement best describes this protection?
  • Insoluble fiber is primarily found in which of the following?
  • What is the phenomenon where gains in strength occur early in a training program, often with little increase in muscle bulk?
  • Which are the certification requirements for Athletic Trainers?
  • Which phase lasts from approximately week 6 to 2-3 years in the healing process?
  • Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack which structure?
  • Where are minerals stored mainly in the body?
  • Claw toe features which joint flexions?
  • Which nerve carries vision information?
  • Which term refers to a condition that follows and results from a disease or injury?
  • Which statement best describes medial epicondylitis and its management?
  • Which statement best defines a Vision Statement?
  • Which term describes heat transfer by movement of air?
  • Which condition is defined by rapid onset articular crepitus and diffuse swelling?
  • Which statement correctly pairs neuron type with direction of impulse?
  • In the equation P = F x v, which variable represents velocity?
  • What term describes a procedure that identifies potential health problems related to an athlete's participation in sports?
  • Which best describes the female athlete triad?
  • Fiber has what characteristic?
  • Which term describes a flat wart?
  • The digits affected by ulnar nerve involvement are which?
  • Which principle includes warm-up and cooldown as a component?
  • Which term does not cause pain unless pressed upon, but may restrict movement or cause muscle weakness?
  • Contents of the carpal tunnel include which structures?
  • Which term describes health insurance that begins to pay for covered expenses immediately after a deductible has been paid?
  • Which matrix is listed as part of the manual toolkit?
  • Which cells differentiate to form antibodies?
  • Charting by Exception is defined as?
  • Which fracture occurs in a straight line at right angles to the bone shaft and is typically caused by a direct blow?
  • Which imaging modality uses ultrasound to produce a graphic record of internal cardiac structures?
  • Which of the following is a primary function of PPE in sport medicine?
  • The annular ligament wraps around which structure to stabilize the proximal radius to the ulna during rotation?
  • How long does the inflammatory response typically last?
  • Salter-Harris Type 2 is defined as
  • Which statement about retention of exposure documentation is correct?
  • Which nutrient is the most concentrated source of energy?
  • Which standard is used by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluations to describe usefulness?
  • Biomechanics is defined as which?
  • A positive hyperextension test with laxity and a loose end-feel most closely indicates which condition?
  • Which statement best describes dermatomic pain?
  • What portion of dietary fats are triglycerides?
  • Which term describes a partial rupture of ligaments around a joint due to wrenching or twisting?
  • Myotome is defined as...
  • The typical carrying angle in females is approximately which range?
  • Which symptom is commonly associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders?
  • Which condition has a genetic component?
  • The region described as the thumb belongs to which nerve's territory in the material?
  • The brain and spinal cord are components of which nervous system?
  • Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) is measured using which method?
  • Gliding joints are exemplified by joints between which bones?
  • Which Le Fort fracture involves force to the bridge of the nose or upper maxilla?
  • The L5 dermatome/myotome includes sensation over which region?
  • Which term describes institutions that expect medical expenses to be lower than insurance premiums due to self-funded arrangements?
  • What is the proper technique for cleaning medical instruments?
  • Which nerve root is associated with the triceps tendon?
  • Which fracture involves the bone splitting along its length, often due to jumping?
  • Which term refers to training to increase energy production for endurance activities?
  • Which term is another name for the elastic limit of tissue?
  • Which flag color indicates the need to use discretion in planning intense exercise?
  • If angle of torsion is less than 15 degrees, the limb tends to what?
  • The brachial plexus is formed by ventral rami from which spinal level range?
  • When splinting a lower limb fracture, where should the splint extend?
  • Mild dehydration is defined as loss of less than what percent of body weight?
  • In malignant hyperthermia, if rectal temperature remains elevated longer than 10-15 minutes after exercise, what can occur?
  • Myositis refers to
  • What is the common name for inflammation of the medial elbow epicondyle?
  • In job documentation, which term refers to a formal document describing the qualifications and scope of a position?
  • Which of the following best describes a blister?
  • The workspace ergonomics: Which best describes an ergonomically fit space?
  • Which displacement is resisted by the anterior sternoclavicular ligament?
  • Which players should wear throat protection (laryngotracheal protection)?
  • Tinea pedis is commonly referred to as which condition?
  • What triggers the sickling of red blood cells in individuals with the trait at high altitude?
  • During hypothermia, shivering typically ceases at which temperature range in Fahrenheit?
  • In acne care, which term describes open comedones?
  • Which risk management strategy involves shifting financial or other risk to another party, such as through insurance?
  • Sulfur dioxide is best described as which of the following?
  • Which term means the ability to detect movement?
  • Which fracture is most associated with a sudden rotational force with the foot planted?
  • During weightlifting, when is the best time for an athlete to exhale?
  • Cotton's test assesses instability of which joint complex?
  • The PCL attaches from the femoral condyle to which tibial structure?
  • What is the temperature increase associated with Mild ultrasound heating?
  • Protective knee braces are used prophylactically to prevent injuries to which ligament?
  • Which statement best characterizes Program Administration Records?
  • Which term describes the ability to generate a large amount of force quickly?
  • Which phase lasts from ball release until the shoulder reaches maximum internal rotation?
  • The anterior metatarsal arch is formed by which structures?
  • Which BOC Domain emphasizes integrity and best practice in immediate and emergency care?
  • How many branches does the popliteal artery give rise to in the genicular region?
  • Graves disease is characterized by excess of which hormone?
  • Staphylococcus bacteria are best described as which arrangement?
  • Which signs are associated with Impetigo Contagiosa?
  • Which statement best defines angiogenesis?
  • Which budgeting approach allocates funds for discrete activities and is not commonly used due to expense and difficulty of analyzing specific activities costs?
  • Which injury is commonly referred to as claw foot?
  • Which activating stimuli correspond to Spinal Level II pain control?
  • Cryokinetics: Which statement accurately describes the protocol?
  • Cantilevered football shoulder pads are designed to be which of the following?
  • Scapulohumeral rhythm 0-30: setting phase with no scapular motion.
  • During a hypoglycemic episode in a diabetic athlete, which action should be taken first?
  • Which muscle is stretched in response to contraction of the agonist?
  • What is the reverse piezoelectric effect?
  • Which domain is primarily associated with health care administration within the BOC framework?
  • In staff selection, which term refers to criteria that predict how well a candidate will perform in a role?
  • The brachial plexus arises from which nerve roots?
  • Which activity includes security issues, fire safety, electrical and equipment safety, risk strategies, risk identification, and an Emergency Action Plan?
  • What does Globe temperature measure?
  • Hilton's Law states that which structures share the same nerve supply?
  • Which contraction results in the muscle shortening in length as it contracts to overcome resistance?
  • Which term refers to a hemostatic agent used to stop bleeding?
  • Which imaging technique involves injecting contrast material to visualize arteries on radiographs?
  • Which injury is commonly associated with Little League Elbow due to traction forces?
  • Subjective Information refers to what?
  • Which category of supplies cannot be reused?
  • Which treatment is recommended after warming and debridement of clear blisters from hypothermia?
  • Which statement describes the function of third-order afferents?
  • What is a typical management step for scabies?
  • Sinusitis stems from which of the following?
  • In screening, which symptom history is relevant to safety and performance evaluation?
  • During football helmet fitting, how far above the eyebrows should the helmet sit?
  • ____ is a superficial freeze injury that is reversible
  • Mallet finger results from injury to which structure?
  • Which fabric is used primarily for triangular/cravat bandages and ankle wraps?
  • Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
  • Which symptom is characteristic of exertional heat exhaustion?
  • Streptococcus is best characterized by which cell arrangement?
  • Amphiarthrotic joints are described as which?
  • Dorsolumbar kyphosis, also known as Scheuermann's disease, is defined by wedging of at least 5 degrees across how many consecutive vertebral bodies?
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